1. Logical Fallacies

2. What is a logical fallacy?  A logical fallacy is faulty reasoning or an error in logic (logos). Sometimes an argument appears to make sense but isn’t valid because it is based on a fallacy.

3. Types of logical fallacies  Circular logic  Either/or fallacy  Oversimplification  Overgeneralization  Stereotyping  Ad hominem/attacking the person

4. Types of fallacies (cont.)  Evading the issue  Non sequitur  False cause  False analogy  Hasty generalization

5. 1. Circular logic  Supporting a statement by simply repeating it in different words  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jM3aCHIk_js https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jM3aCHIk_js

6. 2. Either/or fallacy  A statement that suggests that there are only two choices available in a situation that really offers more than two options  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYpjbKj3eo4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYpjbKj3eo4

7. 3. Oversimplification  An explanation of a complex situation or problem as if it were much more simple than it is  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFXguSlV78Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFXguSlV78Y

8. 4. Overgeneralization  A generalization that is too broad. You can often recognize the use of words like all, everyone, every time, anything, no one, and none.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wtbRlfM0PE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wtbRlfM0PE

9. 5. Stereotyping  A dangerous type of overgeneralization. Stereotypes are broad statements about people on the basis of their gender, ethnicity, race, or political, social, professional, or religious group.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASDzcvyatgw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASDzcvyatgw

10. 6. Ad hominem/attacking the person  An attempt to discredit an idea by attacking the person or group associated with it. Candidates often engage in name-calling during political campaigns.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5ktq5Cccac https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5ktq5Cccac

11. 7. Evading the Issue  Refuting an objection with arguments and evidence that do not address its central point.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKWhcw-hHIw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKWhcw-hHIw

12. 8. Non Sequitur  A conclusion that does not follow logically from the “proof” offered to support it. A non sequitur is sometimes used to win an argument by diverting the reader’s attention to proof that cannot be challenged.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRZk62QNOsM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRZk62QNOsM

13. 9. False cause  The mistake of assuming that because one event occurred after another event in time, the first event caused the second one to occur.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMP4OXoOBtU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMP4OXoOBtU

14. 10. False analogy  A comparison that does not hold up because of a critical difference between the two subjects.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpbL-wyy678 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpbL-wyy678

15. 11. Hasty generalization  A conclusion drawn from too little evidence or from evidence that is biased.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiVJldSU7Fk&list=PLGvvjsVt2fPQorcSmvH Yj-UJfEEhdZd_e&index=9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiVJldSU7Fk&list=PLGvvjsVt2fPQorcSmvH Yj-UJfEEhdZd_e&index=9

16. Activity: 1. Circular logic 2. Either/or Fallacy 3. Oversimplification 4. Overgeneralization 5. Stereotyping 6. Ad hominem/attacking the person 7. Evading the issue 8. Non sequitur 9. False cause 10. False analogy 11. Hasty Generalization With a partner or group create your own fallacy from one of the logical fallacies you have just learned. You will draw a card randomly from the teacher with the name of the fallacy on it. Create the scenario with enough detail in order for the rest of the class to guess what it is. Keep your assignment a secret from the rest of the class. Be ready to present your logical fallacy to the class in the form of a video. All of the videos will be uploaded into one folder.