1. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Dynamic NH 3 model EMEP atmospheric dispersion model. Deposition estimates used in policymaking Needs emission estimates –Europe-wide (50 x 50 km grid). –High temporal resolution (3 hours). Work in progress.

2. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Sources: –Housing. –Storage. –Field. The model Storage Field Animal housing Animal Mass flow model: –Ammoniacal N. –Organic N. –Dry matter. –Water. Hourly timestep

3. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences NH 4 + Organic-NH2OH2O NH 3 H2OH2O Manure Animal housing Manure storage

4. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences NH 4 + Organic-NH2OH2O NH 3 NH 4 + H2OH2O H2OH2O Manure Soil Field application

5. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences NH 3 emission Area of manure * Amount of NH 4 + * Henry-factor Amount of water * Transport resistance

6. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Animal house emission Area of manure * Amount of NH 4 + * Henry-factor. Amount of water * Transport resistance Number of animals Floor area per animal Number of animals Urea-N per animal Temperature Manure pH Number of animals Volume per animal Ventilation rate Housing factor

7. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Animal house emission Area of manure * Amount of NH 4 + * Henry-factor. Amount of water * Transport resistance Number of animals Floor area per animal Number of animals Urea-N per animal Temperature Manure pH Number of animals Volume per animal Ventilation rate Housing factor = parameter

8. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Lots of data. Parameterisation & testing Lots of time. (see presentation on later today). Temporary parameterisation using Dk emissions. Synthetic weather data.

9. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences 10 000 finishing pigs per 50 x 50km Ammonia emission (kg/day)

10. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Meteorological e.g. –Daily temperature, rainfall, wind speed etc. Structural (vary with location) e.g. –Number of animals. –Type of animal housing. Operational (vary with time & location) e.g. –Housing dates and ventilation rates. –Manure application dates. Inputs  

11. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Structural input examples For each animal type: –Animal numbers. –Ammoniacal-N and organic N excreted per animal. –Housing/storage type. Dairy cattle.

12. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Animal numbers EUROSTAT Farm Structural Survey: –Animal numbers by type. –Regularly updated. Some data missing. NitroEurope project

13. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Dairy cattle

14. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Nitrogen excretion Use IPCC methodology: Feed intake, faecal dry matter production. Data: Milk production per cow (FSS). Assumptions: Diet quality, growth, weight.

15. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

16. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

17. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Manure type Housing type depends on farm size? Small volumes – solid manure cheapest. Large volumes – slurry cheapest. Relate probability of slurry to farm size. Use farm size (FSS) to estimate slurry/solid. Example from Denmark

18. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

19. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Simple dynamic model. Estimate livestock heat production. –CIGAR (2002) Calculate ventilation necessary to maintain: –A target inside temperature (forced ventilation). Maximum and minimum ventilation rates. Heating. –Inside temperature 4C above ambient (free). Operational example - ventilation

20. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Forced ventilation

21. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Lack harmonised data at European scale. –But may be available at country scale. Operational management affected by legislation. Modelling –How accurate? –Useful for scenarios. Conclusions (1)

22. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Data required for many purposes. –Ammonia, Greenhouse gasses, Nitrate leaching, Erosion. –Secondary PM formation. EU project. –Data collection. –Modelling. Conclusions (2)

23. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

24. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Depth of storage. Parameters - storage Manure pH and temperature. Organic N degradation coefficient. Transport resistance.

25. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Start/stop date for applications Parameters - field Maximum application capacity. Application rate. Transport resistance constant. Infiltration rate. Duration of emission.

26. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

27. Department of Agroecology Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Dirty floor area per animal. Animal housing Manure pH and temperature. Transport resistance.