1. French Garden Culture By Sarah Law (Isabelle) December 3rd 2009 La Glacerie Chateau de Vendeuvre Photo: Musee & Jardins Du Chateau De Vendeuvre

2. Photo: French-Gardens (Photo Benh Lieu Song and subject to copyright)Benh Lieu Songcopyright Photo: about.com ©2007 Mr. Gourmand. Some rights reserved under the Creative Commons License. Photo: jardinez.com Founded in 1626, planted in 1635 Opened to the public in 1640 One of the most famous botanical gardens located along the River Siene in Paris Historical Gardens - Jardin Des Plantes

3. Planted as a medicinal garden by Guy de la Brosse (Louis XIII’s physician) Originally known as Jardin deu Roi or Garden of the King Photo: Wikipedia Guy de la Brosse Photo: Wikipedia King Louis XIII It is now one of seven departments of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Muséum national d'histoire naturelle

4. Historical Gardens - Jardin Des Tuileries Photo: Kieth Pancione Building began 1564, using architect Philibert de l'Orme. Catherine de Medici planned this palace after the death of her husband Henry II Of France.

5. Historical Gardens - Jardin Des Tuileries Photo: Kieth Pancione Louis XIV’s gardener André Le Notre laid out parterres (formal garden construction) for the Tuileries in 1664

6. Historical Gardens – Gardens of Versailles Photo: TrekEarth Copyright: Alfredo WangAlfredo Wang Located on Paradise Island Royalty Gardens in the 17 th Century were formal and symmetrical in design. This formal structured style of gardening is known as jardin a la francaise. Three important aspects of french formal gardening were aviaries, menageries and hydraulics (fountains).

7. Historical Gardens – Gardens of Versailles In the Garden of Versailles all the status of Apollo (The Sun God) represent Louis XIV who was known as the Sun King. The Fountain of Apollo (right) created by Jean- Baptiste Tubi Versailles Gardens Sculpture and Mythology 1985The Fountain of ApolloPhoto: Wikipedia

8. A country house (maison de campagne) Located in lower Normandy Originally built between 1750 – 1752 for Alexandre Le Forestier, ‘seigneur ’ (lord) of Vendeuvre Architect: Jacques-François Blondel Contains the first miniature furniture collection in the world Photo: Musee & Jardins Du Chateau De Vendeuvre Historical Gardens - Chateau De Vendeuvre Photo: Visit Normandy Musee & Jardins Du Chateau De Vendeuvre Alexandre Le Forestier

9. Photo: Musee & Jardins Du Chateau De Vendeuvre Gardens created by the present Count of Vendeuvre Restored to the original plans from 1813 Symmetrically designed to create a sense of balance to the eye Historical Gardens - Chateau De Vendeuvre

10. NOTRE-DAME Square 2008 Photo: Kieth Pancione

11. Historical Gardens – Arboretum de balaine The oldest ‘private’ botanical garden, started in 1804 as an English garden Located in Villeneuve-Sur Allier Classified a historical monument in 1993 Photo: Arboretum Balaine

12. Historical Gardens – Arboretum de balaine The park remains in the same family since 1804 (currently 7th generation). Photo: Arboretum Balaine

13. Historical Gardens – Garden at Giverny Created by Claude Monet in 1883 His own personal garden located in Giverny, France His style was not the traditional ‘garden a la française’ style. It was not structured or formal He grouped things by color and let his garden take on a life of it’s own. Photo: Giverny France

14. Historical Gardens – Garden at Giverny Photo: Giverny France Claude Monet lived in Giverny for 43 years

15. Avenue de la Grande 2008 Photo: Kieth Pancione Modern Times – Facts Farming is extremely important in France France is the 2 nd largest agricultural producer in the world 2 nd to the United States They are the only country in Europe to be completely self- sufficient in basic food production A major crop grown is grapes Agricultural exports to the United States amounted to $2.3 billion in 2008, half of it being wine and spirits

16. The most famous wine producing regions are Alsace, Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne, Loire and Rhone The most productive farms are located in Northern France where they produce a lot of grain A main crop of Western France is apples Central to Southern France produces corn, fruit, vegetables and wine. Modern Times – Facts

17. Modern Times – Techniques Due to France being a small country, many backyard gardens are small; they’ve had to learn to do a lot with a small plot of land. They use a technique called French Intensive gardening Grid like gardens Plants are very close together Very rich, loose soil is used so plants don’t need to spread far to get nutrients Photo: Sarah Law

18. Modern Times – Techniques Photo: Sarah Law How to plant a garden using French Intensive Gardening 1. Layout the size/shape of your garden (The diagram garden is 4x8) 2.Dig square 1 about a foot and a half deep, placing the dirt in square D 3.Fill square 1 with about 1-4 inches of manure, Turn the manure into the subsoil 4.Do the same process on square 2 and place the top soil from square 2 onto square 1 5.Continue and when on the last square, top it with the soil from square D In doing this process you will find that the beds have become raised and many people tend to build walls around the bed creating a raised bed. Photo: Choosing Natural Health

19. Modern Times – Techniques Many gardeners use cloches (french for bell) to extend their gardening season They protect against cold, harmful insects like aphids and windy conditions Many cloches use to have a glass ball on top, but they found that it was acting as a magnifying glass and burning their plants It’s not determined if the idea of cloches came from Italy, Britain or France. Photo: Copyright 2006 The Kitchen Garden Company

20. Fini Photo: Kieth Pancione bois de vincennes Vacances Vertes les Belles (Below) is an organic teaching garden located in Limousin, France. You can spend time their strolling miles of farmland, learning how to grow organic vegetables and eating healthy organic food throughout your stay. Photos: Vacances Vertes les Belles

21. Références Websites (Dated visited 11/29/09): “Le Jardin des Plantes“ French Gardens “Jardin des Plantes“ Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2009. “Jardin des Plantes“ jardinez.com “A Visual Guide to Paris' Best Parks and Gardens“ about.com. 2007. “The Jardin des Plantes” Le Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. “Jardin des Plantes” Wikipedia “Guy de La Brose” Wikipedia “Tuileries Palace“ Wikipedia Alfredo Wang “Garden in Versailles” TrekEarth. 2007-10-13 7:13 France in the Age of Les Miserables. Roberto Schwartz 2001. Mount Holyoke College students of History 255 “The Fountain Show” Versailles Palace “Louis XIV of France” Wikipedia Musee & Jardins Du Chateau De Vendeuvre “Château de Vendeuvre“ Wikipedia “Normandy – Loire Gardens to Visit #5 – Château de Vendeuvre” June 15, 2009 by ohcassis Visit Normandy ohcassis

22. More Websites (Dated visited 11/29/09): Arboretum Balaine Giverny France “Giverny Area Gardens” Claude Monet's garden at Giverny “Background Note: France” US Department of State. BUREAU OF EUROPEAN AND EURASIAN AFFAIRS 2009 “France – Agriculture” Encyclopedia of the Nations “French Wine” Wikipedia “France Map” Maps of World “With French Intensive Gardening, grow more food with less space!” Choosing Natural Health “Winter Gardening” The Kitchen Garden Company. 2006 Vacances Vertes les Belles Books: Versailles Gardens Sculpture and Mythology By Jacques Girard 1985 The Fountain of Apollo Pg 197 Persons: Kieth Pancione – Photos and locations Sarah Law – 2 Photos Références