0. Sound Transit Light Rail
Sound Transit Light Rail plans include much more than the DSTT.
A rail line will run from downtown Seattle to Tukwila by July 2009.
Extensions:
Airport Station
University link
North, East and South Link
A ballot measure for November, 2007 asks for authorization to extend the line an additional 50 miles, including connections to Tacoma, Everett, and the Eastside.

1. Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel (DSTT)
Seen here before the present renovation and upgrade for Light Rail. Convention Place Station (CPS) will remain as a bus-only facility, but Westlake Station (WLS), University Street Station (USS), Pioneer Square Station (PSS), and the International District Station (IDS) will share space with Light Rail later.

2. Communication Challenges
The Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel (DSTT) presents a significant communications challenge:
Passengers, buses, and trains must interact efficiently and safely.
Using multiple stations, buses and trains must share the same roadbed.
And everyone needs to know what is happening and when.

3. Communication Solutions
Integration of all communication systems, and a design for high availability, enables Sound Transit to meet their communication challenges.
Fiber
Optic
Integration
Public
Address
Telephone
End Result
LED
Signage
Closed
Circuit
Television
Operation
Control
Centers
SCADA
Security and
Surveillance

4. System Integration
This slide holds a great deal of important information. It is complex because the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel is complex.
You will be looking at examples of all these functional blocks as this presentation progresses. Pay particular attention to the Central Control System (CCS), Field Control System (FCS), Integrated Communications Controller (ICC), and Emergency Management Panel (EMP): they control everything.
The Operator Control Center (OCC) is referred to elsewhere in this presentation. It includes a Central Control System (CCS) workstation and an Integrated Communications Controller (ICC) workstation.
Please plan to refer back to this slide, as it will help keep things in perspective.

5. Provides the communications infrastructure for:
Backbone/WAN
Provides the communications infrastructure for:
Field Control System (FCS)
Central Control System (CCS)
Public Announcement and Visual Message Sign (PA/VMS)
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
Emergency/Office Telephone System
Access Control System (ACS)

6. Backbone/WAN
A bi-directional, high bandwidth fiber optic SONET Ring/Wide Area Network (WAN) provides timely, reliable, and accurate voice, video, and data communications between Sound Transit stations and control centers.
Redundant: fire or other catastrophic events cannot destroy both communications paths or disconnect any more than one Station or facility from communications with either the King County Metro Link Control Center.
The Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel stations are connected in a ring consisting of two links. All communications information can be placed on or pulled off a link where needed.
Data flows in one direction on the first link and in the opposite direction on the second link. If data from one direction is lost, data from the other direction provides a backup.
The links are physically separated to mitigate the possibility of damage to both.
Break

7. Central Control System (CCS)
The Central Control System is co-located in the Operations and Maintenance facility (the “O&M”, also known as the “CCER”) and in the King County Metro Control Center (“KCM”).
It enables operators to supervise and control equipment and devices throughout the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel.
Physically, the system appears as several screens, a keyboard, and a mouse. The screens allow you to see an icon-based map of the entire Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel. This view is spread across two screens for the DSTT, but will span four screens when more parts of the Sound Transit Light Rail project are added.
In reality, the CCS relies on everything in the communications system: sensors, control devices, routers, servers, cabling, software – everything. It can see and control the entire DSTT.
Examples of devices that the CCS monitors are: intrusion detectors, flood detectors and fare collection equipment. The CCS can both monitor and control such devices as tunnel ventilation equipment, lights and elevators.
Note: An Emergency Management Panel (EMP) can perform the same tasks as the Central Control System.

8. Central Control System Map
The CCS displays an icon-based map across multiple screens. Operators can monitor and access devices in all stations throughout the DSTT.
This map shows the tracks and bus routes, the stations (identified by acronym), and icons representing basically everything that can communicate with the CCS. Right clicking on an icon presents you with a menu of things you can do with the associated device. For example, you can right click a telephone icon and select Properties to view a full status rundown.
CPS Convention Place Station (buses only)
WLS Westlake Station
USS University Street Station
PSS Pioneer Square Station
IDS International District Station

9. Central Control System (CCS)
Monitors:
Monitors and Controls:
Vehicle communications
Traction electrification system
Intrusion detectors
Fire alarms
EMPs
Station electrical equipment
Fare collection equipment
Flood detectors/sump pumps
Communications equipment
Radio amplifiers
Access control devices
Fire suppression system
Tunnel ventilation equipment
Station ventilation equipment
CCTV
Signal system devices
Emergency telephones
PA/VMS
Station lighting
Elevators/Escalators
Some devices are passive: you can check their status only. Other devices are active: you can check the status and make changes to that status.

10. Field Control System (FCS)
The Field Control System is the bridge between DSTT devices and the Central Control System.
It collects information from networking, monitoring, and control devices.
It relies on many Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) for routine tasks.
The PLCs “talk” to a field server.
An Emergency Management Panel can communicate directly with the PLC system if the main communications backbone is disabled.
This is a distributed communication system. Local computers (PLCs) communicate specialized information to a field server.
The field server then communicates with the Central Control System (CCS).
There are two PLCs at each location. One is dedicated as the primary (active) PLC, while a second serves as a secondary (backup) PLC. Each PLC can become active, enabling repairs to the other PLC or allowing uninterrupted communications if one PLC fails.
The Field Control System provides double redundancy in that its PLCs can communicate with each other through the field server if both paths of the Backbone fail.
The conditions for PLC-to-PLC communications in such an emergency are set by the Seattle Fire Department.

11. Field Control System (FCS)
EMP
Bus PLCs
ACS
Ventilation PLCs
Communications Backbone/Wan
Field Servers
CCS
FACPs are Fire Alarm Control Panels, usually found in the Train Control Center (TCC) at each station.
FACP
ICC

12. Field Control System (FCS)
FCS Interfaces with:
Central Control System
Integrated Communications Controller
Emergency Management Panel
Fire Alarm Control Panel
Access Control System
Tunnel Ventilation System

13. Emergency Management Panel (EMP)
An Emergency Management Panel (EMP) can request control of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel communications system in an emergency situation. EMPs are located at station surface or mezzanine level entry points
The EMP system controls only the DSTT.
Access to an EMP requires both a key and an access card.
Access is granted to designated personnel as agreed to by the Rail Control Operator.
There is no EMP at the Convention Place Station (CPS). All other DSTT stations have EMPs.

14. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV)
From an ICC Workstation:
Select, monitor, and control multiple cameras
Playback preset or user-selectable periods
Use the Integrated Communications Controller workstation to manage camera views.
You can control the exact view if the camera is a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ).
Other cameras are fixed on key locations.
You can select multiple cameras for simultaneous display. Simply click on the required camera view to control its view or replay portions of the recording.
You can select a replay of the video for a set time, or you can specify the exact period you want to replay.

15. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV)
Massive Storage:
Cameras recorded 24/7
Video retained for 30 days
Local storage at each station in high resolution for four days
You can burn a DVD at a station Digital Video Recorder (DVR). You can also request that a portion of the local high-definition video be stored on the central system.

16. PA/VMS System ICC Workstation - Message Control
Public Address (PA) and Variable Message Sign (VMS)
Pre-recorded or ad-hoc audio and/or visual messages can be sent to stations, zones, or groups.
Immediate or scheduled delivery
Live PA messaging
Messages can be saved for later use. Automated background messages for passenger information/safety
You can control the Public Address and Variable Message Sign system from an Integrated Communications Controller (ICC) workstation. This is a single-screen position in the Operations Control Center (OCC).
You can transmit visual-only, audio-only, or visual together with audio.
A ‘Text-to-Speech’ feature allows you to generate realistic audio from text that you enter.

17. Variable Message Signs (VMS)

18. Emergency Telephone System
ICC Workstation provides Telephone Control
Phones located throughout the Light Rail system.
Direct access to an ICC workstation or emergency operator.
Calls are recorded.
Emergency Telephone (ETEL) – Non-Public Access
Passenger Emergency Telephone (PET) – Public Access
You can manage the emergency telephone system at an Integrated Communications Controller workstation (in the OCC).
The emergency telephone system uses an Ethernet connection running voice-over-IP (VoIP). This arrangement provides excellent audio quality and easy expandability.
You can patch an emergency telephone call into the Sound Transit (Cisco) system at the ICC Workstation.
All emergency telephone calls are recorded.
There is no cell phone support in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel.

19. Emergency Telephone (ETEL)
Blue Beacon
ETELs are intended for service personnel and emergency responders.
An ETEL as shown above would be installed at a station Train Control Center (TCC) or other non-public area.
The yellow phone box remains unlocked at all times. Above the phone box, a lighted blue beacon indicates that the phone is on-hook and ready for use. The blue light goes off when you lift the handset. The beacon is attached to a PA speaker that allows for paging from other ETELs or an ICC workstation.
Paging Speaker

20. Emergency Telephone (ETEL)
Emergency voice communications from areas accessible by Sound Transit personnel or other first responders.
Keypad, display, and handset
Equipped with speaker for paging
Blue beacon helps locate the site
Represented by icon on system map:
The two-line display identifies the ETEL number and state, for example Idle, and the date and time.
The Integrated Communications Controller (ICC) at the OCC manages all ETEL activity. The ICC establishes ETEL conferencing (up to seven phones) and records all ETEL conversations.
In the absence of an ICC connection, an ETEL can connect directly with certain other ETELs. Such calls are not recorded.
Normally, you can initiate a call by lifting the handset and waiting for an operator to respond.
You can directly page another ETEL’s speaker by dialing 99 and then the phone number.

21. Passenger Emergency Telephone (PET)
Passengers start a call by touching the large red pad in the lower right
CALLING lights
RECEIVED lights when the call is connected
Represented by icon on system map:
Each PET phone comprises a hands-free, stainless steel communication station. With no handset or keypad, a PET provides Braille, raised text, and visual indicators in meeting requirements of the ADA.
A passenger initiates a call by touching the large red pad to the right of the “PUSH FOR HELP” sign. The lower visual indicator (“CALLING”) lights when a call is being made. The upper indicator (“RECEIVED”) lights when the call has been connected to an operator.

22. Networks
Control System Network (CSN): uses the Network Management System (NMS) and a series of virtual LANs to monitor/control devices and manage emergency telephones, PA/VMS, and CCTV
Office Services Network (OSN): manages public telephone, maintenance, and general computing – separated from CSN for security
As part of the Control System Network, the Network Management System (NMS) performs most of the functions of the Central Control System (CCS). It allows operators to query or control a device. It also allows IT personnel to view information maps of the network or request a network status report.