2. Motivation and Emotion Chapter 10 Internal processes that: 1. 2. 3. G A S uide ctivate ustain

3. Motivation Physiological Hunger Sexual motivation Cognitive Expectancy Self-fulfillment

4. Theories of Motivation n Drive Theory n Arousal Theory n Expectancy Theory n Goal-Setting Theory p. 377

5. Drive Theory Biological needs arising within our bodies create unpleasant states of arousal Hunger, thirst, fatigue, etc. Homeostasis- balanced physiological state PUSH Motivation is basically a process in which various biological needs PUSH us to actions

6. Drive Theory: An Overview

7. NOT n Optimization NOT Minimization n Arousal: our general level of activation n May fluctuate n Biological influences??  Sensation seekers n Yerkes-Dodson law Arousal Theory

8. Yerkes-Dodson law n There is a relationship between, optimal performance and the level of arousal necessary.

9. Expectancy Theory n Behavior is determined by expectations (desirable outcomes). PULL n Thoughts about future PULL your behavior. n Incentives: almost anything we have learned to value.

10. Work Motivation: in the REAL world

11. Goal-Setting Wood & Locke(1990) Specific Challenging Attainable Feedback can improve performance. Take life in strides…

12. Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

13. Emotions 1. Physiological responses 2. Subjective feelings 3. Expressive reactions

14. How do we respond? Cannon – Bard Earliest theory Simultaneous Simultaneous occurrence. James – Lange More preferred Interpretations Interpretations determine emotions Facial feedback hypothesis

15. Why go to scary movies? Schacter – Singer Two stage theory Dutton & Aron (1974) Opponent-Process Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

16. The Emotional Brain Anterior vs. Posterior Pleasant – Unpleasant Arousal Right vs. Left Avoidence – withdrawl Positive affect - Rewards

17. Speaking without Words 1. Nonverbal Cues 2. Gestures 3. Body language