1. WORLD WAR II Readings: Spodek, 696-723, 725- 732

2. JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR ► Sneak Attack on U.S Naval Base ► Destroys planes and battleships ► Aircraft carriers out on maneuvers ► Roosevelt: Day of Infamy ► Admiral Yamamoto: “We have awakened a sleeping tiger”

3. THE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR II ► December 7: Pearl Harbor Bombed ► December 8: U.S. Declares War on Japan ► December 10: Britain Declares War on Japan ► December 11: Hitler Declares War on the U.S. ► Italy Declares War on the United States

4. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS ► EUROPE: ► ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES ► AXIS: ► GERMANY AND ITALY

5. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS ► ASIA: ► ALLIES: ► UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN ► AXIS: ► JAPAN AND GERMANY

6. PROBLEM – SOVIET UNION ► Stalin Creating 2 nd   Superpower ► 5 Year Plans – Rapid Industrialization ► Collectivization of Agriculture – Increase Productivity to Feed Workers ► Great Terror –  Forced Migration to ► Siberia  Does it make it possible to do things not possible in Democracy

7. ► U.S. – Fight war in Europe First  Stakes Highest  Hitler Dominating Europe ► Much of War Fought in North Africa (September 1940-May 1943)  Mussolini wanted to reconstruct Roman Empire, invades Egypt  Germany bales out Mussolini  U.S. contributes tank force under Gen. George Patton ► Patton defeats German General Erwin Rommel

8. ► U.S. Britain, Canada invade Italy (July 10, 1943) ► Mussolini forced to resign (July 25, 1943)  Rescued by Hitler September 15, 1943 ► Creates Salo Republic in Northern Italy ► Much of European fighting in Italy

9. BATTLE OF BRITAIN ► Massive Bombing  Germans Target London  Britain Targets German Cities ► Civilian Casualties High  Firebombing of Dresden ► Radar ► Enigma Machines

10. Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)  Germans Decide on “Final Solution”  Winter Threatens German Troops in Russia  Siege of Moscow  Battle of Stalingrad ► Gen. Zhukov stops Germans advance (November 1942) – major turning point of war in Europe

11. War in the Pacific ► Japan invades Philippines (January 2, 1942)  Conquers most of Southeast Asia, Many Islands  U.S., allies, have to fight back island by island

12. MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR ► Moscow Conference (October 19-November 1, 1943)  U.S., Britain, Soviet Union agree to form United Nations ► Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943)  Open up Second Front ► Europe’s Soft Underbelly: Eastern Europe (Churchill) ► France  Ultimately – Normandy Landing – D-Day June 6, 1944

13. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS ► EUROPE: ► ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES ► AXIS: ► GERMANY AND ITALY

14. MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR ► Yalta Conference (February 1945)  Germany to be Disarmed and Denazified  German Leaders to be Tried as War Criminals  Each power would occupy part of Germany  Soviet Union could collect Reparations  United Nations would be formed  Agreed Soviets could supervise elections in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary  Agreed to divide Korea at 38 th Parallel – if Soviets declared war on Japan

15. END OF WAR IN EUROPE ► Roosevelt dies (April 12, 1945)  Harry Truman becomes U.S. President ► German Divisions in Italy Resign (April 28, 1945) ► Mussolini and Mistress Killed by Anti-Fascists ► Battle of Berlin (May 1, 1945)  Hitler and new wife Eva Braun commit suicide

16. V-E Day in Europe (May 8, 1945)

17. POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2, 1945) ► Truman, Churchill/Atlee, Stalin confirm Yalta Agreement ► Truman announces U.S. secret weapon

18. Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

19. SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN (AUGUST 8, 1945) ► Soviets invade Korea, Manchuria

20. U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)

21. JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST 10, 1945)

22. WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945) ► Korea Divided at 38 th Parallel ► Germany Divided ► “Iron Curtain” Descending Upon Europe ► Nuclear Arms Race

23. COLD WAR IN EUROPE ► Fear of Communism in Greece, Italy, and France ► Fear of Revival of Fascism in Germany  July 1947 – Marshall Plan  April 1949 – Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Orga1nization)  August 29, 1949 – Soviets detonate Atomic Bomb  1955 – Soviets form Warsaw Pact  October 4, 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik

25. European Union