1. Neo-Classicism vs. Romanticism Commonplace (Cliché?) Comparisons Order Calm Harmony Balance Rationality Materialism Didactic Socially conscious Spontaneity Emotion Subjective Individual Irrational Imaginative Personal Emotion Visionary Transcendental

2. NeoClassical vs Romanticism Commonplace Comparisons Society Reason Intellect Extroversion, balanced, didactic The normative, the social, the citizen. Reason and social issues. Poet’s skill and adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures. Study of Classical Poetic and Dramatic forms. Interest in the verifiable, the commonsensical, the familiar. Nature Emotion Senses and sensuality Introversion, moody, self interrogative Genius, Hero, the Exceptional Passions and inner struggles Artistic Creativity and feeling. Folklore, national and ethnic origins. Interest in the Medieval, the Exotic, the Mysterious, the Occult, the monstrous, the remote.

3. Romanticism English Romanticism and German Romanticism. Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress): Klopstock; Goethe; Schiller—prelude to Romanticism. Critique of Modernity: Alienation of modern men from Themselves (division of labor); from Community (competitiveness); from Nature (scientific objectification). August and Freidrich Schlegel; Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis); Friedrich Holderlin; and the philosophers Schleiermacher and Schelling.

7. The Poet as Bard Significance of Johann Gottfried Herder(1744- 1803) James McPhereson (1736-1796) and the cult of Ossian: Fragments of Ancient Poetry collected in the Highlands of Scotland (1760) Fingal (1761); Temora (1763) The Poet as Prophet modeled after the old Testament seers.

8. Why should I grieve? I was a chosen Son. For hither I had come with holy powers And faculties, whether to work or feel: To apprehend all passions and all moods Which time, and place, and season do impress Upon the visible universe, and work Like changes there by force of my own mind. Wordsworth: The Prelude (1805) Book III, Lines 82-167

9. So was it with me in my solitude; So often among multitudes of men. Unknown, unthought of, yet I was most rich, I had a world about me; 'twas my own, I made it; for it only liv'd to me, And to the God who look'd into my mind. The Prelude, Lines: 139-144

10. If prophecy be madness; if things view'd By Poets in old time, and higher up By the first men, earth's first inhabitants, May in these tutor'd days no more be seen With undisorder'd sight: but leaving this It was no madness: for I had an eye Which in my strongest workings, evermore Was looking for the shades of difference As they lie hid in all exterior forms, Near or remote, minute or vast, an eye Which from a stone, a tree, a wither'd leaf, To the broad ocean and the azure heavens, Spangled with kindred multitudes of stars, Could find no surface where its power might sleep, Which spake perpetual logic to my soul, And by an unrelenting agency /Did bind my feelings, even as in a chain. 151-167

11. Biblical History Return to Christian mysteries: The Great Code. Christian history versus Classical History Cyclical and Recurrent versus Finite,Sequential, Symmetrical. Innocence, the Fall,Redemption. The Apocalypse; Revelation Poetry and the forging of a new mythology