1. Classicism vs. Romanticism Olivia Hyun Lim Mozart’s Worlds Summer 2006 NEH Institute for Teachers

2. The philosophical trends of a period in history certainly influence the literature of that time, but they can also influence other forms of art, such as music.

3. Classical Music A genre (or style) of music originating in Western Europe Contains distinct, stylistic periods Classical period: 18th - 19th c. Romantic period: 19th - 20th c.

4. Classicism (17th-18th c.) The Age of Reason/ Enlightenment Reason governs nature and human nature Reason is valued over imagination People are basically good. A perfect society is possible but requires freedom. Social is valued over personal/individual Order, harmony, balance, and tradition Influenced Classical period in classical music

5. Romanticism (18th-19th c.) Rejection of idealization and rationality Emotion and intuition over reason, the senses over the intellect Individual is valued over society Beauty and mystery of nature Focus on human nature - the personality and its moods, passions, inner struggles The occult, the diseased, the satanic Influenced the Romantic period in classical music

6. Music of the Classical Period Examples Mozart’s Sonata No. 7 in C, K. 309 Mozart’s Concerto Nr. 17 in G major “A piece by Mozart contains not one note more or less than necessary to make it perfect.” Features Light, clear texture Short melodies Clear-cut phrases Attention to balance and proportion Importance of structure Development of the sonata form

7. Music of the Romantic Period Examples Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata Rachmaninov’s Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18 Features Powerful expression of emotion - not only love, e.g. hate or death Rise of the virtuoso performer Larger orchestra, larger range of pitch, volume Richer harmonies, more use of chromaticism Interest in themes relating to far-off lands, dreams, nature, and the mysterious or supernatural

8. Discussion Name a piece of literature we read that reflected the Age of Reason (Classicism). What characteristics do the literature and Classical period music have in common? Name a piece of literature we read that reflected the Romanticism. What characteristics do the literature and Romantic period music have in common? What do you imagine art from the Age of Reason to look like? architecture? What do you imagine art from the Romantic period to look like? architecture?

9. Neoclassical Art

10. Neoclassical Architecture

11. Romantic Art

12. Romantic Architecture

13. Bibliography NEH Mozart’s Worlds Summer Institute Los Angeles Opera Opera for Educators seminars Prentice Hall Literature textbooks Urban Education Partnership (UEP) LA: Humanities instructional materials www.en.utexas.edu/Classes/Moore/index.htm www.wikipedia.com