1. Endocrine control of osmolarity Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

2. Osmoregulation: ADH Induces H 2 O conservation Released from posterior pituitary Peptide hormone Activates kidney cells to increase water pores on membrane surface inside collecting duct Net effect: water conservation

3. Figure 45.6a Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

4. Osmoregulation: Vasopressin (ADH)

5. Osmoregulation: Aldosterone Induces Na + conservation Synthesized and released from adrenal cortex Steroid hormone (moves in and out of cells by diffusion) Acts on kidney cells to increase production of Na + membrane channels and Na + /K + pumps

6. Osmoregulation: Aldosterone

7. Osmoreg.:Atrial natriuretic peptide Induces Na+ and water excretion Released from the heart when plasma volume is high Peptide hormone Acts on the kidney to increase Na+ & water excretion, mechanisms not well understood Also act as antagonist to vasopressin and aldosterone

8. Aldosterone & ADH effects on OsM If aldosterone rises OsM increases or decreases? If ADH rises OsM increases or decreases?

9. Endocrine control of basal metabolic rate - thyroxine and triiodothyronine

10. Figure 45.6b Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

11. Thyroid hormones - amines from thyroid that regulate BMR

12. Anterior pituitary Hypothalamus Thyroid glands Thyroid hormone control and function

13. Primary thyroid tumor hypersecreting Secondary hypothalamic atrophy due to local stroke Iodine deficiency hypothalamusTRH anterior pituitary TSH thyroid glandT3 & thyroxine metabolic rate Indicate whether level is increased, decreased or no change

14. Endocrine response to stress - epinephrine and norepinephrine - cortisol

15. Figure 45.14 Stress and the adrenal gland

16. Catecholamine hormones - amines that control our response to acute stress - Cardiac output increases - Blood vessels to skel. muscles dilate - Blood vessels to dig. organs constrict - Liver produces glucose

17. Cortisol control CRH hypothalamus ACTH cortisol ( - ) ( + ) adrenal cortex negative feedback ( + ) anterior pituitary Diurnal rhythm & chronic stress catabolic effects Break down proteins and fats to make more plasma glucose