1. 1 POLICY-PLANNING- FORECASTING September 30, 2004

2. 2 Outline Background Role of Legislation, Policy, Planning, Programming in Transportation Briefly on Using Management Systems & Simulation/Models as Tools Examples of Legislation as a Tool

3. 3 Formalized Procedures Key steps in policy definition and implementation Many steps defined in legislation - federal, state, & region/city New technology introduced by federal rules State & regions define policies, resist and/or foster change, implement solutions

4. 4 Digression on Policy Actors Federal Legislature (Congress) Federal Government (President & Agencies) State Legislature State Government (Governor and Agencies) Regions & Counties (in East US Advisory) Cities-townships (Govern on local issues)

5. 5 Digression on Policy Actors Federal Congress - General legislation (4 to 6 year span) Federal Agencies - Create regulations to implement policy Congress & Agencies - Allocate $$$ to states State “Congress” - State legislation & budget State Agencies - Create processes to spend funds and implement technologies - Allocate $$$ to cities

6. 6 Key Definitions Policies - Broad Directions (Goals- Objectives-Measures) Example: Save Lives, Leave Open Space, Decrease Travel Time Politics - Emphasis on one direction for specific groups of people Example: Decrease Gas Tax Planning - Sequence of steps to satisfy the objectives ------ Contains a strong quantitative component (simulation models) Example: Regional Long Range Transp. Plan Programming - Process to define allocation of resources to projects Example: Funding for I-99 Operations Sequence of steps to make a system work in a desirable way Example: organization of streets & signals

7. 7 Hierarchy of goals-objectives-performance measures-targets-evaluation/monitoring Specificity increases Regular monitoring of progress to meet targets – updates based on technical analysis and public involvement

8. 8 City

9. 9 Usual Sequence Politics Planning Policy ProgrammingOperations Data Projects Define EmphasisAdd GoalsAdd Projects Goals Objectives

10. 10 Usual Sequence with Strategic Plan Politics Planning Policy Programming Define EmphasisAdd GoalsAdd Projects Goals Objectives Strategic Planning

11. 11 Strategic Plan Shorter term than planning Vision-mission-values Goals & objectives Monitoring of implementation Reporting to constituents Update regularly

12. 12 TEA 21in 1998

13. 13 PennDOT’s Policy-Plan Policy document --- 20 years Strategic plan (moving PA forward) --- 5 years PennPlan document --- 25 years, updates every year

14. 14 Planning Tools Analytical tools Inventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system components and condition Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later) Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios - Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc. Laws-regulations-rules Federal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and “earmarks” State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws

15. 15 Planning Tools & Innovations- New Technology Legislation - Framework/Guidelines/Targets Policy & Plans - Framework/Guidelines/Targets Planning - Problem Solutions/Impact Assessment Programming - Implement Solutions/Funding Management Systems - Monitor/Collect Data/Integrate Models Simulation/Models - Assess Success of Innovations & Technologies

16. 16 Planning Tools Analytical tools Inventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system components and condition Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later) Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios - Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc. Laws-regulations-rules Federal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and “earmarks” State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws Monitoring & Management Systems

17. 17 Management & Monitoring Systems Defined by Federal Legislation in 1991 This is one way to “think” about transportation in an organized way Six Management Systems: Congestion - Intermodal - Bridge - Safety - Public Transportation - Pavement One Monitoring - Traffic All contain processes, procedures, technologies (hardware - software), & information systems

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19. 19 Planning Tools Analytical tools Inventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system components and condition Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later) Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios - Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc. Laws-regulations-rules Federal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and “earmarks” State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws Simulation & Forecasting

20. 20 Typical Process for Simulation

21. Future Network Changes: Policy Changes Congestion Relief Policies HOV Lanes Value Pricing New Transit Services Geometric Changes Rideshare Incentives Land Use Changes Information to Passengers Input Existing System Data Activity Schedule -what will occur MOE's for Base Year Future No Change Future Changes Traffic Simulation -results in actual travel times and relative distances between Activity centers Route Selection -what route will be used to travel from Activity A to Activity B Mode Choice -how will the individual get to the activity location Activity Location -where will the activity take place GIS Database EXAMPLE: URBAN CONGESTION MANAGEMENT MODEL Simulation Model Example OUTPUT=Estimates of number of trips, travel time, travel costs, modal share per highway segment

22. 22 Output Example (GIS map) Traffic volume in cars per hour

23. 23 Planning Tools Analytical tools Inventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system components and condition Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later) Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios - Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc. Laws-regulations-rules Federal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and “earmarks” State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws Mandates & Appropriations($)

24. 24 Legislation as a Tool Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA)- clean fuels, air quality standards and schedule Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA) - management systems, intelligent trans. systems program, transportation centers Transportation Equity Act of 1998 (TEA) - defined standards (e.g., 20% decrease in fatalities), directed grants to States, Regions, and Universities (for R&D) State Safety Legislation - grants for safety improvements & ITS technology implementation

25. 25 Questions ?