1. Chapter 13 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement Geosystems 5e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen

3. Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement Landmass Denudation Weathering Processes Karst Topography and Landscapes Mass Movement Processes

4. Landmass Denudation Geomorphic Models of Landform Development Dynamic Equilibrium View of Landforms

5. Delicate Arch, Arches NP, Utah Differential Weathering

6. Regolith, Soil, and Parent Materials Figure 13.5

7. b) Example of components in (a).

8. Weathering Processes Factors Influencing Weathering Processes Physical Weathering Processes Frost heave, crystallization, temperature change, pressure-release jointing Chemical Weathering Processes Hydrolysis, solution weathering, oxidation

9. Physical Weathering Figure 13.7Figure 13.8 Frost Action Forms talus slopes in mountain areas

10. Exfoliation in Granite Figure 13.11 Great Arches Half Dome, Yosemite Overburden removed from buried plutons

11. Frost heave, Yosemite NP. Glacier Point climbing area. 1996 Rockfall 162,000-ton granite slab. 160 mph speed. Killed several people.

12. Crystallization plus Differential weathering Canyon de Chelly

13. Chemical Weathering East side of Sierras. Alabama hills in front. Mt Whitney in back.

14. Physical weathering on Mt. Whitney in background Chemical weathering on Alabama Hills in foreground Figure 13.12 Formed from the same plutons. Difference is age of exposure, Air temperature, and glaciation.

16. Little Joe, Ponderosa

18. Oxidation

19. Karst Topography and Landscapes Formation of Karst Lands Covered with Sinkholes Caves and Caverns Result of carbonation-solution weathering

20. Karst and Limestone Regions Figure 13.14

21. Sinkhole and Tower Karst Figure 13.17Figure 13.18

22. Cavern Features Figure 13.19

23. Cenote in Mexico

25. Mass Movement Processes Mass Movement Mechanics Classes of Mass Movements Human-Induced Mass Movements (Scarification)

26. Slope Mechanics and Form Figure 13.3

27. Shear stress and strength Mass movements occur when shear stress exceeds shear strength Shear stress = mass x gravity x sin (slope)

28. Water Increases shear stress by adding mass Decreases shear strength by lubricating sliding layers

29. Mass Movement Classes Figure 13.21

30. Soil Creep Figure 13.27

31. Solifluction Figure 17.23

32. Madison River Landslide Figure 13.20 1959 mag 7.5 earthquake Created Quake Lake Killed 28 people

34. Debris Avalanche Figure 13.24 St. Elias Range, Alaska

35. Nevado Huascaran Cordillera Blanca, Peru 1970 Earthquake Failed near summit Vertical drop of 4,100 m Horizontal distance of 16 km Velocities > 186 mph Killed > 20,000 people 1962 avalanche killed 4,000

36. End of Chapter 13 Geosystems 5e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen