1. Tilapia Production in the Americas Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D. Professor - University of Arizona Sec. / Tres. - American Tilapia Association President - US. Aquaculture Soc. Chapter of WAS May 28, 2001

2. Tilapia introductions to the Americas F Oreochromis mossambicus first in the Caribbean in 1949 by C.F. Hickling F To United States in 1954 F Oreochromis aureus introduced in 1957 F Throughout the Americas by 1970 F Oreochromis niloticus into Brazil 1971 F Red strains developed in 1970’s and 80’s F Oreochromis niloticus spreads in 1990’s F Total production of 257,000 mt in 2000

3. Production widely distributed around the Americas. F Tilapia introduced to every country F Tilapia, mojarra, St. Peters fish, Jamaican freshwater snapper, Cherry Snapper F Used in hundreds of recipes F Live, Whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked

4. Production systems used in the Americas F Ranching (lake releases) F Ponds (extensive and intensive) F Cages F Raceways, round tanks, recirculating systems F Freshwater, Brackish water, Estuarine, and Marine

5. Extensive production in ponds and cages Farm pond in BrazilReservoir pond in Arizona

6. Cages in irrigation ditches

7. Intensive ponds Ponds in Arizona Ponds in Costa Rica

8. Intensive tanks Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California

9. Intensive Raceway Systems Raceways in Arizona Raceways in Mexico

10. Production directly in irrigation delivery ditches

11. Pond culture to cotton irrigation

12. Tilapia in the Americas

13. Major Tilapia Producers in the Americas ( for year 2000) F Mexico - 102,000 metric tons/year F Brazil - 45,000 mt / year F Cuba - 39,000 mt / year F Colombia - 23,000 mt / year F Ecuador - 15,000 mt / year F Costa Rica - 10,000 mt / year F USA - 8,200 mt / year F Honduras - 5,000 mt / year

14. Major Tilapia Products in International Trade F Costa Rica - fresh fillets F Ecuador - fresh and frozen fillets F Honduras and Jamaica - fresh and frozen fillets F Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, USA - all domestic, no exports

15. Estimated cost of production F Costa Rica - $1.20 / kg F Brazil - $1.10 / kg F Ecuador - $1.10 / kg F Mexico - $1.30 / kg F Jamaica - $1.20 / kg F USA - $2.00 / kg

16. International markets F Costa Rica was first major exporter F Ecuador is now major exporter from the Americas F Honduras has rapid expansion F Colombia, Cuba, Brazil and Mexico are supplying strong domestic markets F Prices on international markets will not increase from present levels.

17. International markets F Ecuador has passed Costa Rica as supplier of fillets to US F Ecuador integrating with shrimp production F Colombia and Mexico were exporters to US, but exports levels decreased while production increased

18. Source of US Tilapia supply 2000 (by volume)

19. US. Tilapia imports 1993-2000

20. Tilapia Production in the US = Live Sales

21. Intensive farm in Iowa, USA

23. Tilapia production in Mexico F Production in most states of Mexico F Intensive in north, lake ranching in south F Strong domestic markets F Will eventually develop export markets.

24. Tilapia production in Mexico Tilapia-shrimp farm in Sonora Pond Tilapia farm in Tamaulipas

25. Tilapia production in Ecuador F Replacing shrimp because of white spot disease F Using shrimp infrastructure F Exporting to US and EU F Will they revert to shrimp if disease is controlled?

26. Tilapia aquaculture in Ecuador

27. Tilapia production in Brazil F Pond culture, cage culture in reservoirs F Fee fishing and skins for leather

28. Tilapia in Colombia F Before 1980, Colombia had strong domestic market F Developed export trade to US F Domestic market has grown so strong that exports were suspended F Colombia imports tilapia from Venezuela and Ecuador

29. Tilapia aquaculture in Colombia

30. Rio Linda Tilapia farm in Colombia

31. International market changes F Increasing domestic consumption in producing countries especially Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica F Colombia starting to export again, Mexico and Brazil will follow

32. Current International Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation.

33. Current International Market Trends F US and EU growers will concentrate on live sales and highly processed forms F Latin America and Southeast Asia will be primary US suppliers F Latin America, Caribbean and Africa will supply EU

34. New product forms Smoked tilapia Sashimi grade tilapia

35. Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems

36. Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems

37. Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems

38. Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas

39. Changes and Predictions F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries

40. Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas

41. Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods

42. Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods F Production in the Americas will reach 500,000 mt by 2010 and 1,000,000 mt by 2020

43. Dawn of Tilapia Aquaculture in the Americas