1. LAG: Layers of Adaptive Granularity Dr. Alexandra Cristea a.i.cristea@warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

2. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 LAG LAOS adaptation model direct adaptation techniques / rules –IF-THEN, or condition-action (CA) rules adaptation language adaptation strategies + adaptation procedures

3. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 What is LAG ? a generalized adaptation model for generic adaptive hypermedia authoring http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~alex/Conferences/02/AH02/calvi- cristea-final-w-header-ah2002.pdfFirst paper: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~alex/Conferences/02/AH02/calvi- cristea-final-w-header-ah2002.pdf http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~alex/Conferences/02/ELEARN02/Cristea- Adaptation-Adaptability.pdfSecond (referring) paper: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~alex/Conferences/02/ELEARN02/Cristea- Adaptation-Adaptability.pdf http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~alex/HTML/Minerva/papers/UM03- cristea-calvi-accepted.docThird paper: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~alex/HTML/Minerva/papers/UM03- cristea-calvi-accepted.doc

4. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 LAG components Direct adaptation Techniques Adaptation Language Adaptation Strategies

5. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Adaptation granularity lowest level: direct adaptation techniques: –adaptive navigation support & adaptive presentation (Brusilovsky 1996), implem.: AHA!; expressed in AHAM syntax –techniques usually based on threshold computations of variable- value pairs. medium level: goal / domain-oriented adaptation techniques: –based on a higher level language that embraces primitive low level adaptation techniques (wrapper) –new techniques: adaptation language (Calvi & Cristea 2002), high level: adaptation strategies – wrapping layers above – goal-oriented Adaptation Assembly language Adaptation Programming language Adaptation Function calls

6. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Why LAG?

7. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Motivation LAG different complexityAuthoring with different complexity degrees (beginner authors!! vs. advanced) ReuseReuse at each level semanticsBetter semantics standardizationstandardization

8. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Adaptation Language as an Intermediate Platform –Elements of course dynamics

9. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Selection of Media Items Visual style Diagrams Illustrations Graphs Flowcharts Animations+ audio Verbal style More text Possibly audio

10. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Providing navigation paths Sequential style Linear step-by-step learning process Global style Global overview first, then details

11. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Presentation for Visual+Global Learner

12. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Presentation for Verbal+Analytic Learner

13. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Ordering information Active style Learn by doing things actively Reflective style Learn by looking at examples

14. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Adaptation Language as an Intermediate Platform –Types of adaptive strategies

15. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Types of Adaptive Strategies Instructional strategies - selection of media items - ordering information or providing different navigation paths Instructional meta-strategies – inference or monitoring strategies. Preferences for: - certain types of information (e.g. text vs. image) - reading order (e.g. breadth-first vs. depth-first)

16. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Adaptation Language as an Intermediate Platform –Classification of actions in adaptive strategies

17. Invited Tutorial, Madrid, Spain April 2008 Classification of Actions in Adaptive Strategies (from N. Stash) Basic actions on itemsSelection Showing the content of an item Showing a link to an item Hierarchical actions on itemsActions on child items Actions on parent items Actions on groups of items (e.g. siblings) Ordering Performing “actions on items” on each group item Actions on the overall environment Changing the layout of the presentation