1. 1 Personality zA person’s general style of interacting with the world zPeople differ from one another in ways that are relatively consistent over time and place

2. 2 zPsychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Post-Freudian Theories Personality

3. 3 Psychoanalytic Approach zDeveloped by Sigmund Freud zPsychoanalysis is both an approach to therapy and a theory of personality zEmphasizes unconscious motivation - the main causes of behavior lie buried in the unconscious mind

4. 4 Psychoanalytic Approach Conscious Unconscious Superego Preconscious Id Ego Information which can easily be made conscious Thoughts, feelings, urges, and other information that is difficult to bring to conscious awareness Information in your immediate awareness Rational, planful, mediating dimension of personality Moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist dimension of personality Irrational, illogical, impulsive dimension of personality

5. 5 Psychoanalytic Approach zConscious - all things we are aware of at any given moment Conscious Unconscious Superego Preconscious Id Ego

6. 6 Psychoanalytic Approach zPreconscious - everything that can, with a little effort, be brought into consciousness Conscious Unconscious Superego Preconscious Id Ego

7. 7 Psychoanalytic Approach zUnconscious - inaccessible warehouse of anxiety- producing thoughts and drives Conscious Unconscious Superego Preconscious Id Ego

8. 8 Psychoanalytic Divisions of the Mind zId - instinctual drives present at birth ydoes not distinguish between reality and fantasy yoperates according to the pleasure principle zEgo - develops out of the id in infancy yunderstands reality and logic ymediator between id and superego zSuperego yinternalization of society’s moral standards yresponsible for guilt

9. 9 Defense Mechanisms zUnconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety

10. 10 Defense Mechanisms zRepression - keeping anxiety- producing thoughts out of the conscious mind zReaction formation - replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite

11. 11 Defense Mechanisms zDisplacement - when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redirected to a more acceptable activity by the ego zSublimation - displacement to activities that are valued by society

12. 12 Defense Mechanisms zProjection - reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else zRationalization - reasoning away anxiety-producing thoughts

13. 13 Psychosexual Stages zFreud’s five stages of personality development, each associated with a particular erogenous zone zFixation - an attempt to achieve pleasure as an adult in ways that are equivalent to how it was achieved in these stages

14. 14 Psychosexual stages zOral stage (0-1yr) zAnal stage (1-3yrs) zPhallic stage (3-5yrs) zLatency stage (5yrs- puberty) zGenital stage (puberty onward)

15. 15 Oral Stage (birth - 1 year) zMouth is associated with sexual pleasure zWeaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly zFixation can lead to oral activities in adulthood

16. 16 Anal Stage (1 - 3 years) zAnus is associated with pleasure zToilet training can lead to fixation if not handled correctly zFixation can lead to anal retentive or expulsive behaviors in adulthood

17. 17 Phallic Stage (3 - 5 years) zFocus of pleasure shifts to the genitals zOedipus or Electra complex can occur zFixation can lead to excessive masculinity in males and the need for attention or domination in females

18. 18 Latency Stage (5 - puberty) zSexuality is repressed zChildren participate in hobbies, school and same-sex friendships

19. 19 Genital Stage (puberty on) zSexual feelings re-emerge and are oriented toward others zHealthy adults find pleasure in love and work, fixated adults have their energy tied up in earlier stages

20. 20 Post-Freudian Psychodynamic Theories zKaren Horney’s focus on security zObject relations theories zAlfred Adler’s individual psychology zErik Erikson’s psychosocial development zCarl Jung’s collective unconscious