1. Defining Generational Values and Recognizing Differences To Make A Happier Healthier Work Environment

2. Introduction Many organizations experience generational conflict. Older leaders have a hard time understanding, and therefore trusting, younger ones who are anxious to find their role in leadership. The latter often can't understand why older leaders believe and do what they do, and their questioning may lead to conflict.

3. Introduction (continued) Most of this tension results from generational differences that exist because of contrasting values. We make choices and decisions based on our value system, and differing values often lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretation. This, in turn, hampers our relationships and lessens the effectiveness of our work together.

4. How Values Develop According to Morris Masses there are three stages of value development

5. The 1 st Stage From birth to about 7 years old Imprinting takes place as a child absorbs all he or she is experiencing without evaluation, considering it normal

6. The 2 nd Stage From ages 7 to 13 Modeling takes place as the child looks at the world around him, choosing heroes, and deciding what values to embrace At about age 10 the most crucial value-development takes place

7. The 3 rd Phase From ages 14 to 20 A time of questioning, challenging, and experimenting with new or different values, deciding which are valid and worth keeping, and which will be traded for others

8. The Generations There can currently be 4 defined generations observed in modern society –The Builders –The Boomers –The X-ers –The N-Gen

9. The Builders Born before 1946 Experienced the Great Depression and World War II Valued financial security, teamwork, sacrifice, delayed gratification, and the government which got them through these ordeals Their values more closely resembled biblical values; extended families were close, and marriages lasted a lifetime

10. The Baby Boomers Born from 1946-1964 Arrived to postwar affluence and the indulgence of parents who wanted them to have a better life than theirs More aware of political and social issues and became more and more disillusioned with government, big business, traditional religion, and parents Other issues affecting their values were the increasing divorce rate, working mothers, and the sexual revolution Values included self-fulfillment, individualism, and material wealth

11. The X Generation Born form 1965-1976 Grew up in a difficult time financially and socially The struggling economy, plus the increase in single-parent households, created many "latch-key kids" who came home from school and waited for working parents to arrive While parents were striving for self-fulfillment and monetary success, their children were feeling abandoned and longed for meaningful relationships Became skeptical of big organizations, through things like Watergate and environmental pollution AIDS, threatened shortages of natural resources, and a lack of good jobs influenced their worldview as they began entering the workforce

12. The Net Generation Born from 1977 to 1997 Growing up with the Internet, they have incredible skills in accessing and applying information, giving them a sense of competence and optimism about their future Growing up with more positive relationships with their parents Just starting to enter the workforce

13. Clash In Values VALUES IN…BUILDERSBOOMERSXERSN-GEN MOTHER HomemakerWorking MotherSingle MotherSingle Mother/ Father FAMILY Close FamilyDispersed FamilyLatchkey KidsLooser Family Structure MARRIAGE Married OnceDivorced/ RemarriedSingle ParentUndetermined HAIR Short HairLong HairAny Style HairBleached/ Spiked CLOTHES FormalCasualBizarreAnything Goes MUSIC Big Band/ SwingRock 'n' RollAlternative, RapVery Diverse MONEY Save It NowBuy It NowWant It NowGet It Now (online) PURCHASING Purchase w/ CashPurchase w/ credit cardStruggling to PurchasePurchase Online MARKETING Ford Marketing ConceptGE Marketing ConceptIgnored MarketInteractive Global Market HIGH-TECH Slide RuleCalculatorComputerInternet WORK STYLE Team WorkPersonal FulfillmentTentative/ Divided LoyaltyNetworking WAR Win a WarWhy a War?Watch A WarWinless War MORALS Puritan EthicsSensualCautiousTolerant

14. Mothers and Families Builders- stay at home mothers contributed to close families Boomers- working mothers and higher divorce rate led to more dispersed families Xers- single and working mothers lead to ‘latchkey kids’ who raise themselves N-Gen - growing in and witnessing diverse family situations (single father/mother, joint custody, etc.) open to a looser family structure

15. Marriage Patterns Builders- married only once Boomers- fast paced self-serving values led to divorce becoming a solution to difficult relationships Xers- level of divorce in boomers leads to Xers being more conservative and waiting longer or living together before getting married N-Gen - no established marriage pattern yet

16. Hair, Clothes, and Music Builders- short hair (based of military style of WWII), formal clothing, big band and swing Boomers- long hair (rock influence), casual clothing ( rejection of parents clothing), rock ‘n’ roll Xers- short and long hair combined, baggy clothes, chains, leather (reaction to boomers dress), alternative and rap N-Gen - different colors, diverse clothing, diverse music

17. Money Builders- save money because they experienced the Great Depression Boomers- spend money because they were raised in a time of economic prosperity Xers- raised in difficult financial times but have all the desires the boomers have, Boomers control the share of the job market which has kept Xers from receiving jobs they feel they deserve N-Gen - grew up in economic prosperity with a new tool of the internet for even more immediate gratification

18. Purchasing and Marketing Builders- pay with cash so as to not build up debt, Ford Marketing (consumers not catered too) Boomers- credit cards, GE Marketing (find consumers wants and cater to them) Xers- would like to buy on credit but don’t have the financial resources to, smaller size than boomers (about half) so they are not catered to N-Gen - not yet financially independent because of age however probably will behave similar to boomers, large population with a global market at its fingertips through the internet and with technical skills to find any product desired

19. High Tech Builders- lived without or saw the birth of many technical innovations seen as necessities today Boomers- calculators, black and white TV, first computer, space program Xers- computers become affordable enough that they begin to be found in the home, Xers often possess many computers skills used in businesses N-Gen - born into a ‘golden age’ of technology, this makes the N-Generation particularly savvy with technology as well as making it particularly easy for them to learn with new technologies, rely heavily on computers to do work

20. Work Style Builders- work in teams, committed to fulfilling the task at hand Boomers- look for personal fulfillment in work, workaholics, as Boomers have matured and risen to senior leadership positions they have taken on more Builder like work values Xers- in response to Boomers Xers place much more value in family then work, also bitter that boomers control much of the job market not allowing Xers upward mobility N-Gen – definite trends have yet to develop but N- Geners don’t seem to care a great deal for authority of bureaucracy, the N-Gen respects competency not position

21. War Builders- values mirror other builder values; team work, competency of government, patriotism (stems from WWII era) Boomers- Vietnam War and popularity of protesting and coverage of protesting on TV led boomers to question war Xers- less impact on Xers, few fought in the short conflicts that occurred during there time, believe a war is something that happens over a period of weeks and months N-Gen – until recently the N-Gen believed war was something that was read about in history books, it is difficult to determine the affect the current conflict in Iraq will have on them

22. Morals Builders- traditional puritan ethics Boomers- reacted to builders shaping their own morals to be more conducive to self fulfillment Xers- common belief that there are no absolutes in life but that one must take care of ones self N-Gen – raised in time of political correctness they have become the most tolerant generation yet

23. Short Exercise and Discussion

24. Resolving Differences Generational clashes due to value differences can be minimized through understanding, acceptance, and forgiveness.

25. Understanding Understanding other points of view and allowing for differences helps people communicate and get along. If a Boomer leader understands that his X-er coworker values relationships more highly than organizational goals, he'll understand why the X-er doesn't want to put in long hours or work overtime to accomplish those goals. It's not because he's lazy or doesn't care, which might be the Boomer's natural assumption. It's because he puts family relationships first and doesn't want to compromise.

26. Acceptance Acceptance is crucial to every relationship, and a basic need for healthy self-esteem. Acceptance of someone doesn't mean we have to approve of what he believes or does. We can accept someone as having worth, even if we can't always agree. Sometimes acceptance involves trust and even some risk.

27. Forgiveness Forgiveness provides great freedom, both for the forgiver and the forgiven. Many times, value differences lead to conflicts that damage relationships. To keep communication open, and relationships healthy, we need to be able to forgive. As we work toward resolving differences that divide us, it may be the most important of these three key elements, but comes more easily when it follows the other two.

28. Conclusion The workplace will be more harmonious when we strive to understand each other's frame of reference and values. When we recognize that many issues are matters of preference, not morals, we'll avoid critical attitudes. By being open to trying new things, or doing them differently, we may discover more effective ways to manage and co-exist in the workplace. We need to accept each other as human beings, and learn to agree to disagree on noncrucial issues. Each generation has strengths to offer, building on them and being quick to forgive their weaknesses will help to make a happy healthy work environment.

29. Boomers, Xers, and Other Strangers Understanding the Generational Differences That Divide Us Dr. Rick and Kathy Hicks