1. Climate of Atlantic Canada Sara Jones, Emily Kocsis and Mariam Soliman

2. Table of Contents The Currents The Currents Climograph of Charlottetown, P.E.I Climograph of Charlottetown, P.E.I Climograph of St. John’s, Nflnd. Climograph of St. John’s, Nflnd. Climograph of Fredericton, N.B. Climograph of Fredericton, N.B. Climograph of Halifax, N.S. Climograph of Halifax, N.S. Analysis- Climate Factors Analysis- Climate Factors Conclusion Conclusion Bibliography Bibliography The Currents The Currents Climograph of Charlottetown, P.E.I Climograph of Charlottetown, P.E.I Climograph of St. John’s, Nflnd. Climograph of St. John’s, Nflnd. Climograph of Fredericton, N.B. Climograph of Fredericton, N.B. Climograph of Halifax, N.S. Climograph of Halifax, N.S. Analysis- Climate Factors Analysis- Climate Factors Conclusion Conclusion Bibliography Bibliography

3. IntroductionIntroduction  Records are kept of weather in different areas of Canada  The records illustrate changes and patterns over an extended period of time  Climate is weather conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time  Coastal regions have different climates from inland regions  Records are kept of weather in different areas of Canada  The records illustrate changes and patterns over an extended period of time  Climate is weather conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time  Coastal regions have different climates from inland regions

4. The Currents  Two major ocean currents affect Atlantic Canada’s climate  Currents act as rivers within the ocean, transporting much more water than the biggest rivers on land  The Labrador Current brings cold and icy waters southward from the Arctic  The Gulf Stream brings water from the warm southern ocean, as it travels northward  The water from the Gulf stream warms and moistens the air above it, and opposite for the Labrador current  When the cool air meets the Gulf stream’s warm air, it produces heavy dense fog among the four Atlantic provinces.  Two major ocean currents affect Atlantic Canada’s climate  Currents act as rivers within the ocean, transporting much more water than the biggest rivers on land  The Labrador Current brings cold and icy waters southward from the Arctic  The Gulf Stream brings water from the warm southern ocean, as it travels northward  The water from the Gulf stream warms and moistens the air above it, and opposite for the Labrador current  When the cool air meets the Gulf stream’s warm air, it produces heavy dense fog among the four Atlantic provinces.

5. The Currents (cont’d)  The Labrador current is so cold that it causes a few weeks of bitter winter weather for Atlantic provinces, especially Newfoundland and Labrador, and it travels around the provinces’ eastern shores  The cold water starts to freeze the surface of the ocean near the coast of Labrador  The cold water forms a layer of slob, that resembles slushy ice  The ice hardens into ice flows, or long flat pieces of ice, and then travels southward.  The Labrador current also carry icebergs from the Arctic and Greenland, as the icebergs drift into the current toward Newfoundland and Labrador.  The Labrador current cools Labrador’s coast year-round  The Labrador current is so cold that it causes a few weeks of bitter winter weather for Atlantic provinces, especially Newfoundland and Labrador, and it travels around the provinces’ eastern shores  The cold water starts to freeze the surface of the ocean near the coast of Labrador  The cold water forms a layer of slob, that resembles slushy ice  The ice hardens into ice flows, or long flat pieces of ice, and then travels southward.  The Labrador current also carry icebergs from the Arctic and Greenland, as the icebergs drift into the current toward Newfoundland and Labrador.  The Labrador current cools Labrador’s coast year-round

6. Climograph of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island

7. Interpretation: Average temp: 4.916˚C Temperature range: 27˚ Total precipitation: 1286mm Season of maximum precipitation: Winter Interpretation: Average temp: 4.916˚C Temperature range: 27˚ Total precipitation: 1286mm Season of maximum precipitation: Winter

8. Climograph of St. John’s, Newfoundland

9. Interpretation: Average temp: 3.6˚C Temperature range: 22˚ Total precipitation: 1521mm Season of maximum precipitation: Fall Interpretation: Average temp: 3.6˚C Temperature range: 22˚ Total precipitation: 1521mm Season of maximum precipitation: Fall

10. Climograph of Fredericton, New Brunswick

11. Climograph of Fredericton New Brunswick Interpretation: Average temp: 4.916˚C Temperature range: 29˚ Total precipitation: 1237 mm Season of maximum precipitation: Winter Interpretation: Average temp: 4.916˚C Temperature range: 29˚ Total precipitation: 1237 mm Season of maximum precipitation: Winter

12. Climograph of Halifax, Nova Scotia

13. Interpretation: Average temp: 6.3˚C Temperature range: 23˚ Total precipitation: 1555mm Season of maximum precipitation: Winter Interpretation: Average temp: 6.3˚C Temperature range: 23˚ Total precipitation: 1555mm Season of maximum precipitation: Winter

14. Analysis- Climate Factors Ocean Currents- the Labrador Current from the Arctic brings cool water and the Gulf Stream brings warmer air from the south. The temperature of an ocean current affects the temperature pf the air that travels above it. The ocean currents results in dense fog Air Masses- The air mass originates over the ocean and contains moisture from the water. When the air passes over the land, there is precipitation caused by the moisture in the air. Nearness to water- The water has a moderating effect on the temperature, and produces mild temperatures compared to the rest of Canada. Latitude- Distance from the equator is an important factor affecting Atlantic Canada’s climate. Since Atlantic Canada is close to the North Pole it receives the suns rays at an angle, rather than straight on, as the equator experiences direct rays of light Ocean Currents- the Labrador Current from the Arctic brings cool water and the Gulf Stream brings warmer air from the south. The temperature of an ocean current affects the temperature pf the air that travels above it. The ocean currents results in dense fog Air Masses- The air mass originates over the ocean and contains moisture from the water. When the air passes over the land, there is precipitation caused by the moisture in the air. Nearness to water- The water has a moderating effect on the temperature, and produces mild temperatures compared to the rest of Canada. Latitude- Distance from the equator is an important factor affecting Atlantic Canada’s climate. Since Atlantic Canada is close to the North Pole it receives the suns rays at an angle, rather than straight on, as the equator experiences direct rays of light

15. Conclusion The Labrador current, and The Gulf Stream effects the Climate of Atlantic Canada significantly, as does air masses, the province’s nearness to water and the latitude of Atlantic Canada. Bibliography Campbell, Kumari. "New Brunswick." Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Campbell, Kumari. "New Brunswick." Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Campbell, Kumari. "Prince Edward Island.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Campbell, Kumari. "Prince Edward Island.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Clarke, Bruce, Wallace, John K. Making Connections. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice Hall Ginn Ontario, 1999. Clarke, Bruce, Wallace, John K. Making Connections. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice Hall Ginn Ontario, 1999. Jackson, Lawrence. "Newfoundland & Labrador.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1995. Jackson, Lawrence. "Newfoundland & Labrador.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1995. Campbell, Kumari. "New Brunswick." Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Campbell, Kumari. "New Brunswick." Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Campbell, Kumari. "Prince Edward Island.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Campbell, Kumari. "Prince Edward Island.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1996. Clarke, Bruce, Wallace, John K. Making Connections. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice Hall Ginn Ontario, 1999. Clarke, Bruce, Wallace, John K. Making Connections. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice Hall Ginn Ontario, 1999. Jackson, Lawrence. "Newfoundland & Labrador.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1995. Jackson, Lawrence. "Newfoundland & Labrador.Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Company, 1995.