1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AT ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY
© 2008 John B. Pryor, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology

2. Top 6 STIs at ISU: 1995-2007 1. Genital Warts 2. Genital Herpes
3. Chlamydia
4. Scabies
5. Trichomoniasis
6. Gonorrhea

4. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Virus that causes genital warts - 60 known types
estimated 20 million Americans infected
In more than 90 percent of cases, the infections are harmless and go away without treatment.
Related to the occurrence of pre-cancerous cells on the cervix. Persistent HPV infection is found in most cases of cervical cancer.
A new vaccine, Gardasil, protects against four HPV types, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts.The FDA recently licensed this vaccine for use in girls/women, ages 9-26 years.
Symptomatically treated by chemical agents (podophyllin), cryotherapy, or laser therapy

5. Genital warts - Initial Visits to Physicians’ Offices in the U. S
Source: CDC

6. Human Papilloma Virus
warts
Some carriers are asymptomatic

7. transmission through physical contact
Human Papilloma Virus
transmission
through
physical
contact
wart

8. Most common sites in men: penis, urethra, bladder, & anus
warts
Human Papilloma Virus
Most common
sites in men:
penis,
urethra,
bladder,
& anus

9. Most common sites in women: vulva, vagina, cervix, & anus
Human Papilloma Virus
Most common
sites in women:
vulva,
vagina,
cervix,
& anus

10. HPV - can be transmitted via oral sex

11. Genital Herpes Caused by a virus Two types:
1) herpes simplex virus type 1( HSV-1) - typically around mouth (cold sores)
2) herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) - typically found in the genital region.
However, either can infect either place.

12. Genital Herpes - incidence
HSV-1 antibodies are present in 95% of Americans.
31 million Americans have a genital herpes infection (about 1 in 6 people).
Most people who are infected never recognize their symptoms.

13. Genital Herpes
Transmission - through physical contact with infected area
Transmission is possible even when someone is asymptomatic
No cure
Symptomatic treatment with acyclovir

14. Genital Herpes - Initial visit to physicians’ offices - 1966-2005
Source: CDC

15. Genital Herpes

16. leision
Genital
Herpes

17. Genital
Herpes
leisions

18. Genital Herpes

19. scars
Genital
Herpes

20. Genital Herpes Some myths about HSV-2:
1) Genital herpes is often transmitted through casual contact.
2) Women who have recurrent HSV-2 should not bear children because of dangers to the developing fetus.

21. Psychosocial Aspects of Herpes Survey of 3100 People with Herpes
84% -reported episodes of depression
70% -indicated feelings of isolation
40% -diminished work performance as the result of lowered self-esteem
35% -decreased sexual desire
25% -self-destructive thoughts
18% -the breakup of long term relationships

22. Chlamydia is the most frequently reported
infectious disease in the United States. An
estimated 800,000 new cases occur annually.

24. Chlamydia rates for men and women in the U.S. in
2005 (Source: CDC, 2007)

25. Chlamydia -caused by a bacteria
Up to 75 percent of women and 50 percent of men with uncomplicated chlamydia infection have no symptoms or signs of infection. If symptoms do occur, they typically appear within one week to a month after exposure to an infected person.

26. Chlamydia Symptoms - Men
* pain or burning during urination
* frequent urination
* pain and swelling in the testicles
* low-grade fever
* burning and itching around the opening of the penis
* watery or milky discharge from the penis

27. Chlamydia Symptoms - Women
* irregular vaginal bleeding
* burning with urination
* itching and burning in the genital area
* vaginal discharge
* lower abdominal pain often accompanied by nausea and fever

28. Chlamydia - possible complications for women
scared/blocked
fallopian tubes
adhesions
pelvic abscess

29. Treatment of Chlamydia
Curable with azithromycin or doxycycline; does not respond to penicillin.
Poorly treated or undiagnosed cases may lead to:
urethral damage
epididymitis (infection of the epididymis)
Reiter’s syndrome (inflammation throughout body; arthritis)
proctitis in men who had anal intercourse
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Problems with pregnancy and risks for newborn infants of infected mothers

30. Chlamydia - possible complications for women
Up to 40% of women with untreated chlamydia will develop PID. Undiagnosed PID caused by chlamydia is common. Of those with PID, 20% will become infertile; 18% will experience debilitating, chronic pelvic pain; and 9% will have a life-threatening tubal pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy is the leading cause of first-trimester, pregnancy-related deaths in American women.

31. Scabies
Scabies is caused by tiny mites which are at most half a millimeter in length and are difficult to see.

32. Scabies

33. Scabies
Scabies usually infest areas between the fingers and toes, wrists, elbows, armpits, buttocks, breasts, genitals, and other areas of contact.

34. Scabies
Small red bumps or tiny lines (burrows) may appear.

35. Scabies CDC Recommended Regimen -
Permethrin cream (5%) applied to all areas of the body from the neck down and washed off after 8-14 hours
Transmission -
Scabies among adults may be sexually transmitted, although scabies among children is usually not sexually transmitted.

36. Trichomoniasis affects 5 million Americans yearly
caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite
symptoms in women include a heavy, yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge,
discomfort during
intercourse, vaginal
odor, and painful
urination

37. Trichomoniasis
symptoms also may include irritation and itching of the female genital area
symptoms in men include a thin, whitish discharge from the penis and painful or difficult urination
most men do not experience any symptoms, women also may be asymptomatic

38. Trichomoniasis
Sexual transmission is possible even when no symptoms are present.
Metronidazole is the drug used to treat trichomoniasis.
It is administered in a
single dose.

39. Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis in pregnant women may cause premature rupture of the membranes and pre-term delivery.
The genital inflammation caused by trichomoniasis also might increase a woman's risk of acquiring HIV infection if she is exposed to the virus.
Trichomoniasis in a woman who is also infected with HIV can increase the chances of transmitting HIV infection to a sex partner.

40. Gonorrhea is caused by the gonococcus, a bacterium that grows and multiplies quickly in moist, warm areas of the body such as the cervix, urethra, mouth, or rectum. .

41. GONORRHEA
Incidence & treatment
Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States, with 339,593 cases reported in 2005.
Treatment is usually easy with antibiotics
Drug resistance is an increasingly important concern in the treatment and prevention of gonorrhea

42. Gonorrhea Rates in the U.S., 1941-2005 (CDC, 2007)

45. Gonorrhea - transmission
genital-to-genital contact
genital-to-oral contact
genital-to-anal contact
spread fromvagina to rectum

46. Gonorrhea - Symptoms early symptoms often are mild
most women who are infected have no symptoms
if symptoms of gonorrhea develop, they usually appear within 2 to 10 days after sexual contact with an infected partner
some may be infected for several months without showing symptoms.

47. Gonorrhea - Symptoms for Women
a painful or burning sensation when urinating
an abnormal vaginal discharge
more advanced symptoms, which indicate progression to PID, include abdominal pain, bleeding between menstrual periods, vomiting, or fever

48. Gonorrhea - Symptoms for Men
a discharge from the penis
a burning sensation during urination
symptoms of rectal infection include discharge, anal itching, and sometimes painful bowel movements.

49. Gonorrhea
discharge

50. Gonorrhea Discharge

51. Possible scarring or blockage of fallopian tubes
Both Gonorrhea & Chlamydia can cause future
fertility problems in women
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Possible scarring
or blockage of
fallopian tubes