1. Two Important Dynasties The Yuan and The Ming

2. The Yuan Dynasty 1260-1368 AD

3. How did this dynasty rise to power? Dynasty founded by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan. Kublai Khan fought the Song for 40 years before founding China’s only foreign-ruled dynasty.

4. How did this dynasty rule China? Civil service system maintained, staffed by Persians and Turks Strict hierarchy of social service classes developed – 1 st tax-free Mongols – 2 nd non-Chinese servants – 3 rd Northern Chinese – 4 th Southern Chinese

5. What belief systems did this dynasty encourage? Discourage? Kublai Khan retained shamanism Chinese belief systems largely unaffected by Yuan Under Kublai Khan’s encouragement the number of Buddhist monasteries increased

6. How did this dynasty effect daily life? Yuan dynasty’s bloody wars of conquest led to the destruction of farmland Millions of people were killed by war and famine Kublai Khan maintained China’s roads and canals, but later Yuan let them deteriorate.

7. Two ways this dynasty helped unite China. Retained civil service (but staffed it with foreigners) Allowed Chinese belief systems to co-exist with Mongol shamanism

8. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 AD

9. How did this dynasty rise to power? Chinese took advantage of chaos of late Yuan rule to rebel against Mongols Rebel leader and founder of Ming dynasty, Hong Wu, named his dynasty “brilliant”

10. How did this dynasty govern China? Reintroduced the civil service exam Emperors extremely powerful (dictators w/o cabinets) Brief period of overseas exploration although later Ming emperors prohibited foreign trade

11. What belief systems did this dynasty encourage? Discourage? Rebirth of adherence to Confucianism Many Chinese combined belief in Daoism, Confucianism and Buddhism

12. How did this dynasty effect daily life in China? Rebuilt bridges, canals, roads, temples, shrines and the walls of 500 cities Heavy taxation and wasteful government produced peasant rebellion and civil war

13. Two ways this dynasty helped unite China Secured borders of China to prevent foreign invasion Rebuilt bridges, canals, roads, temples, and shrines