1. Plant Kingdom
NOTES #2

2. 2 Main Categories of Plants:
Nonvascular – no conducting tissue (no veins)

3. Vascular – have conducting tissue (have veins)

4. NONVASCULAR VS. VASCULAR
Small
Mostly found in water environment
NO true roots, stems or leaves
Examples: algae, moss & liverworts
Large
Land environment
True stems, roots and leaves
Examples: club mosses, ferns, gymnosperms & angiosperms

5. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
1. Algae
Some unicellular, live in colonies, multicellular, classified by color – red, green & brown

6. Multicellular, first land plants, must live near moist environment
2. Mosses & Liverworts
Multicellular, first land plants, must live near moist environment

7. ALGAE

8. No protective covering (no cuticle)
ALGAE
No protective covering (no cuticle)

9. Use water for support

10. Very thin (1-2 cells thick); absorb water by diffusion

11. No vascular tissue (veins)

12. Reproduction is dependent on water

13. No protective covering (no cuticle)
Mosses & Liverworts
No protective covering (no cuticle)

14. No supporting tissue (small & low to the ground)

15. No conducting tissue (no veins)

16. Thin, absorb water directly from environment

17. Reproduction is water dependent

18. MOSS

19. LIVERWORTS

20. VASCULAR PLANTS 1. Spore Plants Water dependent environment
Examples: Club Mosses, Horsetails and Ferns

21. 2. Seed Plants
Water independent environment
Examples: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

22. Club Mosses & Horsetails
Have a cuticle

23. Primitive vascular tissue – carries limited amounts of food and water

24. Limited size & thickness

25. No true stem, roots or leaves

26. Reproduction is water dependent; spores and gametes

27. CLUB MOSSES

28. HORSETAILS

29. FERNS
Have a cuticle

30. Larger vascular tissue – larger size

31. No true stem, roots or leaves

32. Reproduction is water dependent – spores and gametes

33. FERN
                                                   

34. GYMNOSPERMS
Have cuticle and stomata (for gas exchange)

35. Improved vascular tissue – greater size & supportive tissue (wood)

36. Reproduction is water independent – wind carries the pollen

37. Seeds in an open cone

38. Leaves are needlelike – most evergreen

39. True root, stem and leaves

40. These plants reproduction takes place in a cone (Reproductive structure that produces naked seeds – No fruit

41. GYMNOSPERMS

42. ANGIOSPERMS
Have cuticle and stomata

43. Most advanced vascular system

44. True stem, roots and leaves

45. Leaves are broad and deciduous (fall off during the fall)

46. Reproduction in a seed which is protected by a fruit

47. Flowers are insect and wind pollinated

48. ANGIOSPERMS

49. ANGIOSPERMS
Reproduction of flowering plants takes place within the flower

50. SEED –
Reproductive structure made of plant embryo (An egg and a sperm that will grow into a new plant), that is surrounded by its stored food

51. FRUIT – Protects the seed and aids in seed dispersal

52. PARTS OF A FLOWER Petal* Sepal* Anther Filament Stigma Box = Male part
Style
Stigma
Anther
Filament
Ovary
Sepal*
Petal*
Box = Male part
Circle = Female part
Star = Not male or female

53. POLLINATION
Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated and most angiosperms are pollinated by wind or insects

54. Wind pollinated plants rely on favorable weather and sheer numbers to get pollen from one plant to another

55. Insect pollinated plants have bright colors and sweet nectar to attract insects

56. SEED DISPERSAL
Some seeds are dispersed by animals

57. Animals eat the fruit that surrounds the seeds and then the seeds are released by the animal as waste after the fruit is digested

58. Other seeds are dispersed by wind and water

59. These seeds are generally lightweight, allowing them to be carried in the air or float on the surface of the water

61. MONOCOT VS. DICOT Parallel veins
Complex arrangement of vascular bundles
Fibrous Root
EXAMPLE: Grass
Branched veins
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Taproot
EXAMPLE: Tree (Larger Plant)

62. Monocot vs. Dicot

63. Monocot vs Dicot leaves

64. Monocot vs Dicot

65. Monocot vs. Dicot roots

66. ANNUAL VS. PERENNIAL Plant that lives, reproduces and dies in 1 year
Plant that lives, reproduces and grows year after year
EXAMPLE: TREES
Plant that lives, reproduces and dies in 1 year
EXAMPLE: VEGETABLES

67. Annuals

68. Perennials

69. Photo sites

70. More Photo sites http://www.uky.edu/Ag/kpn/pchtree2.jpg