1. Evidence of Evolution

2. What is Evolution?
The change of a species population over generations

3. What is Natural Selection?
Organisms best suited to the environment reproduce more successfully
Over generations, favorable traits increase in the population; unfavorable traits decrease

4. DARWIN Survival of The Fittest
Fossil
Record
Biogeography
DARWIN
EVIDENCE?
Comparative
Anatomy
RESEARCH?
Survival of
The Fittest
Comparative
Embryology
Biochemistry/
DNA

5. “CElia and FRed Bought CAndy Before Dinner”
CE – Comparative Embryology FR – Fossil Record Bg – Biogeography CA – Comparative Anatomy BD – Biochemistry/DNA

6. Dating of Fossils Relative Dating Absolute Dating
Fossils in the lower layers of the Earth are older and less complex than fossils in the upper layers
Absolute Dating
Age is determined by measuring the amount of radioactive evidence
Carbon 12 versus Carbon 14 Half-life

7. Fossil Evidence

8. Biogeography
Study and comparison of fossils and living organisms and where they are located (geographical distribution)
Animals on islands look like others on the closest land mass rather than far away distances

9. Comparative Anatomy Homologous Structures Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Embryonic Structures

10. Homologous Structures
Same structure, but different function
Originated from a common or shared ancestor
Example: human and penguin arms

11. Homologous Structures
Very similar skeletal structures

12. Analogous Structures Same functions, but different structures
Find a similar solutions to same problem
Example: bird and bee wings

13. Analogous Structures
Both organisms can hover to feed on flowers, but there is NO ANATOMICAL OR EMBRYOLOGICAL SIMILARITY between the wings.
Their wings evolved independently and differently.

14. Vestigial Structures
Functionless structure that occurs in present-day organisms, but had function in an ancient species
Examples
Tailbone and appendix in humans
Pelvic bone in whales and snakes

17. Embryonic Development (Embryology)
Similar structures are found in embryos of different species.
This shows that they share a common ancestor.

18. Embryonic Development (Embryology)
Each embryo had gill slits and a tail in the early stages of development

19. Biochemistry and DNA
In organisms, amino acid sequences are very similar, BUT not exact.
Example – Hemoglobin
The more similar the homologous proteins in different species, the more closely related

20. Patterns of Evolution Coevolution
The change in two or more species in close association with each other
Example:
Humming bird and the flower of the plant it feeds on
Butterfly and the flower of the plant it feeds on

21. Coevolution

22. Patterns of Evolution Convergent evolution
Unrelated species can develop similar characteristics
Example: shark, penguin, and porpoise share similar characteristics that suit their environment
Long stream-lined body
Fins that match in appearance and function

23. Convergent Evolution

24. Patterns of Evolution Divergent evolution
Two or more related populations or species become more dissimilar over time (they adapt to their environment)
Example: finches have different beaks due to different environments/food sources

25. Divergent Evolution