1. Evidence of Evolution

2. Four Main Types of Evidence
Fossils
Homologous structures
Similar embryo development
Geographical distribution

3. Fossil Record Fossils are evolutionary evidence
Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth.
Fossils records provide evidence that living things have changed over time.
Glyptodont
Armadillo

4. Traits
Derived traits
newly evolved features, such as feathers, that do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors.
Ancestral traits
primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that do appear in ancestral forms.

5. Comparing Anatomy Homologous structures Analogous structures
Vestigial structures

6. Homologous structures
Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor
These structures can be similar in arrangement and/or function.

7. Analogous Structures
Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in structure.
Shows that functionally similar features can evolve independently of each other
Ex: wing of an insect and wing of bird

8. Analogous Structures

9. Vestigial Structures
A body structure that has no function in a present-day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor.
This shows a change over time

10. Chapter 15
Evolution

11. Comparing Embryos
Embryo: the earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals
Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms.

12. Comparing Embryos
Similar embryo development may suggest a common ancestor

13. Biochemical Evidence
Common ancestry can be seen in the complex metabolic molecules that many different organisms share.
Comparison of the DNA or RNA of different species produce biochemical evidence for evolution

14. Biochemical Evidence
Comparisons of the similarities in amino acids and other molecules across species reflect evolutionary patterns seen in comparative anatomy and in the fossil record.

15. Geological Distribution
Similar animals are found in different locations around the world.
Animals ended up evolving similar features for their environment because of their location on earth
They look the same but live in different areas

16. Knowledge Check
True or False Organisms with similar anatomy share similar DNA sequences.

17. Knowledge Check analogous structures embryological structures
Which features are similar in use and evolve in
similar environments, but do not evolve from a
common ancestor?
analogous structures
embryological structures
homologous structures
vestigial structures

18. Knowledge Check
Which of the following best explains how the fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred?
A It indicates the exact cause of structural and behavioral adaptations of organisms.
B It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time.
C It shows how the embryos of many different vertebrate species are very similar.
D It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.

19. Knowledge Check
The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species a. evolved in the same habitat. b. evolved in different habitats. c. descended from a common ancestor. d. descended from different ancestors.

20. Knowledge Check a tail bones feathers teeth
Which is an example of a derived trait?
a tail
bones
feathers
teeth