2. Lecture World War II World History

3. Pair-Share What do you already KNOW about WWII? What do you WANT to learn about WWII? What do you PREDICT we will study about WWII?

4. Objective Students will be able to analyze the causes and consequences of World War II by completing CLOZE notes and a graphic organizer.

5. Essential Questions How did the aggressors of World War 11 benefit from the policy of appeasement and nonintervention? How did the geography of the Allied and Axis powers impact diplomacy, military and political decisions during World War 11? What was the human cost of World War11?

6. World War II 1.Aggression, Appeasement, and War A.Fascist aggression in the 1930s i.Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia ii.Italy – Ethiopia and Albania iii.Japan – Manchuria and China

7. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Guernica – Pablo Picasso

8. World War II 1.Aggression, Appeasement, and War A.Fascist aggression in the 1930s i.Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia ii.Italy – Ethiopia iii.Japan – Manchuria and China B.Spanish Civil War “dress rehearsal” for World War i.Fascists supported General Francisco Franco ii.USSR and volunteers from everywhere went to Spain to fight for the Spanish Republic

9. Peace in our times… Hitler invaded Poland. France and Britain declared war.

10. World War II 1.Aggression, Appeasement, and War A.Fascist aggression in the 1930s i.Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia ii.Italy – Ethiopia iii.Japan – Manchuria and China B.Spanish Civil War “dress rehearsal” for World War i.Fascists supported General Francisco Franco ii.USSR and volunteers from everywhere went to Spain to fight for the Spanish Republic C.to avoid another major war, western democracies adopted a policy of appeasement but finally declared war when Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939

12. 2.The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945) A.WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands

13. Allies vs. Axis

16. 2.The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945) A.WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands B.Alliances of WWII i.Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan ii.Allied Powers - France, Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and the United States

17. When Britain and France declared war on Poland, they expected to fight the same kind of trench war as World War I. Blitzkrieg – Terror from the Skies The Nazis used a new form of warfare “Blitzkrieg” to overrun the Allies. The Allies were incapable of dealing with the mobility and precision of the German Blitzkrieg.

18. 2.The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945) A.WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands B.Alliances of WWII i.Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan ii.Allied Powers - France, Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and the United States C.modern technology made World War II more destructive than any previous war i. faster and more effective airplanes and submarines and increasingly deadlier bombs, (Germans used Blitzkrieg)

19. 3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion A.Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg

20. 3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion A.Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg B.Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked France through Belgium. i.Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the English Channel ii.France surrendered on June 16, 1940 a. North – controlled by Germany b. South – Vichy France (puppet state)

21. Chamberlain – forced to resign because of appeasing Hitler Winston Churchill took his place Britain stood alone against the AXIS Powers – posed a threat to U.S. national security Hitler ordered Germany to attack Britain…

23. 3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion A.Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg B.Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked France through Belgium. i.Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the English Channel ii.France surrendered on June 16, 1940 a. North – controlled by Germany b. South – Vichy France (puppet state) C.Battle of Britain i. August 1940-June 1941 ii. Sept. 1940 – 1st peace time U.S. draft iii. Britain never gives up

24. Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) counterattacked aided by radar The British downed 2,300 German planes and lost 900 of their own 40,000 citizens killed By the end of 1940 Germany cancelled plans to invade Britain ¼ of the RAF were killed

25. 3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion A.Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg B.Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked France through Belgium. i.Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the English Channel ii.France surrendered on June 16, 1940 a. North – controlled by Germany b. South – Vichy France (puppet state) C.Battle of Britain i. August 1940-June 1941 ii. Sept. 1940 – 1st peace time U.S. draft iii. Britain never gives up D. U.S. joins the war after it is attacked at Pearl Harbor i. December 7, 1941 E. By 1942 the Axis Powers controlled virtually all of western Europe and North Africa

27. Germany and Italy Attack North Africa September 1940: Italian troops attack British controlled Egypt February 1941: The British are defeating the Italians. Over 130,000 Italian soldiers have been caught. Hitler helps Italy by sending in a German general, Erwin Rommel, and German troops. June 1942: Erwin Rommel is able to capture Egypt. This is a major defeat for the British.

28. The North African Front

29. 4. The North African Front A. Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)– secure N. Africa for AXIS Powers B. “Beat Hitler first” strategy – defeat AXIS Powers in Europe first C. “Operation Torch” 1942 – headed by U.S. general Eisenhower and British generals Montgomery and Clark i. Rommel surrendered

30. Invasion of Sicily and Italy: In August. 1, 1943 U.S. general Patton and British general Montgomery attack Italy. It was a victory for the Allies because Italians became fed up with Mussolini who was Replaced him with Badoglio who immediately negotiated peace with the Allies. Mussolini lynched 2 years later.

32. 4. The North African Front A. Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)– secure N. Africa for AXIS Powers B. “Beat Hitler first” strategy – defeat AXIS Powers in Europe first C. “Operation Torch” 1942 – headed by U.S. general Eisenhower and British generals Montgomery and Clark i. Rommel surrendered D. Allies invade Italy - surrenders

33. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front

34. The War in the Balkans Summer 1940: Hitler began planning an attack on the Soviet Union. To do this, he needed the Balkan region Winter 1941: Hitler invaded Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Greece. Hitler was on the doorstep of the Soviet Union.

35. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans

36. Between September 1939 and June 1941, the Axis Powers seemed unstoppable. In June 1941, Hitler turned his attention to his greatest target, Russia. He launched Operation Barbarossa, sending the full might of the Nazi war machine east.

37. Since the Russian Revolution, Russia had been excluded from all major international activity. In August 1939, Stalin responded to German suggestions for a Nonaggression Pact with the Axis Powers. Hitler and Stalin agreed to share Poland. But what happened to the Pact?

38. The pact ends when Germany invades the Soviet Union

39. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR i.Operation Barbarossa

41. Hitler believed his lightening attack would bring a quick victory… He Was Wrong! Hitler sent 3 million troops who pushed back the Soviets As the Soviets withdrew they destroyed farm equipment and crops hoping this “scorched earth” policy would deprive the enemy of supplies.

42. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR i.Operation Barbarossa a.“Scorched earth” policy by USSR

43. To help his nations survive this onslaught, Stalin asked allies for: 1. Massive aid 2. Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe 3. Second front in western Europe His requests were not met!

44. As Hitler sent Germans to their death in the Russian winter, the USA started to rethink its relationship with the USSR.

45. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR i.Operation Barbarossa a.“Scorched earth” policy by USSR b.Stalin asked allies for: - Massive aid -Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe -Second front in western Europe *His requests were not met

46. The Blitzkrieg swept east. The Nazi army was unstoppable. The Russians decided not to surrender their cities, and much of the fighting was done in urban areas. Total War reached new heights. The Russian defense held, until winter…

47. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR i.Operation Barbarossa a.“Scorched earth” policy by USSR b.Stalin asked allies for: - Massive aid -Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe -Second front in western Europe *His requests were not met c. The battle for Leningrad lasted for 2 years

48. German Soldiers in the Trenches on the Eastern front

49. Having been stopped at Leningrad and Moscow, the Germans shifted their offensive Southward. Germans were desperate for more oil supplies

50. 5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR i.Operation Barbarossa a.“Scorched earth” policy by USSR b.Stalin asked allies for: - Massive aid -Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe -Second front in western Europe *His requests were not met c. The battle for Leningrad lasted for 2 year ii. Battle of Stalingrad – October 1942 a. important industrial center b. Nov. 19 Soviets counterattacked c. German army surrendered d. Dramatic shift in the war

51. 1. Hitler sends army to Rhineland 2. Germans invade Austria 3. Germans take Sudetenland 4. Hitler takes Czechoslovakia 5. Hitler invades Poland – France and England declare war 6. Hitler attacks Denmark and Norway 7. Germans invade Holland, Belgium, and France 8. Germans invade through Ardennes Forest 9. Dunkirk retreat to England 10. Italy attacks France 11. Battle of Britain 12. Italy attacks British in Egypt – need German help 13. Axis take the Balkans 14. Hitler attacks Russia 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

52. In 1942, the war began to turn in favor of the Allies. The Nazi advance into Russia was stopped. The Japanese advances in the Pacific were stopped and the Allies started to push their advantages…

53. 6. The Allied Offensive in Europe A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944 i.Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France a.Amphibious assault on water and land b.Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower c.Success depended on 3 conditions -reserve of supplies -secrecy -clear weather

54. Allied troops during D-Day

55. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the operation started at 2am with the landing of parachute troops in strategic inland positions. This was followed by the arrival of 5.000 warships of all kinds, which began shelling the German coastal forts. At 6:30am the first set of troops stormed the beaches of Normandy, the northwest province of France. Within 24 hours, 120,000 troops were landed at five different beachheads on the Normandy coast Within 3 weeks 800,000 men joined the Allied troops in France

56. 6. The Allied Offensive in Europe A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944 i.Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France a.Amphibious assault on water and land b.Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower c.Success depended on 3 conditions -reserve of supplies -secrecy -clear weather ii. Allies broke through the German Defense line a. General Patton led a brilliant assault in France b. Paris was liberated in August of 1944

58. 5. The Allied Offensive in Europe A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944 i.Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France a.Amphibious assault on water and land b.Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower c.Success depended on 3 conditions -reserve of supplies -secrecy -clear weather ii. Allies broke through the German Defense line a. General Patton led a brilliant assault against France b. Paris was liberated in August of 1944 B. The Battle of the Bulge i. The last German Offensive ii. Germany surrenders May 8, 1945

59. Victory in Europe (V-E Day) Diminished by 3 factors 1.The realities of the concentration camps were revealed 2.FDR died on April 12, 1945 3.The war in the Pacific continued to rage

60. Victory in Europe

61. 7. The War in the Pacific A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands i.Fighting the Japanese was different than Europe a. fighting in dense jungle b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on small islands c. naval rather than air supremacy was key

62. General MacArthur General Douglas MacArthur was commander of the U.S. Army in the Pacific

63. To win the war, the Allies had to go “island hopping” Japanese fleet stopped in June 1942 Japanese base destroyed at Guadalcanal Iwo Jima, fell to US Marines in March 1945 Okinawa 110,000 Japanese and 12,500 Americans die in April 1945

64. 6. The War in the Pacific A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands i.Fighting the Japanese was different than Europe a. fighting in dense jungle b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on small islands c. naval rather than air supremacy was key B. The Allies go on the Offensive i.Japanese advances were halted by American victories at Midway Island & Coral Sea

65. 6. The War in the Pacific A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands i.Fighting the Japanese was different than Europe a. fighting in dense jungle b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on small islands c. naval rather than air supremacy was key B. The Allies go on the Offensive i.Japanese advances were halted by American victories at Midway Island & Coral Sea ii.American forces then took the offensive, “island hopping” toward Japan.

66. The Atomic Bomb In the 1930’s Albert Einstein discovers that splitting atoms let loose tremendous energy During the war, scientists had urged President Roosevelt to develop a bomb using the atom before the Germans did. The Manhattan project was created to create the first atomic bomb. In 1945 the U.S. successfully tested the atomic bomb at Alamogordo in the New Mexico desert.

67. C. to force Japan to surrender i.United States used a powerful new weapon, the atomic bomb ii.bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki

68. C. to force Japan to surrender i.United States used a powerful new weapon, the atomic bomb ii.bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki iii.Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945

70. 7. From World War to Cold War A.costs of World War II were enormous i.51 million people dead worldwide ii.millions of refugees iii.lands in Europe and Asia in ruins

71. Churchill Roosevelt Stalin

72. 7. From World War to Cold War A.costs of World War II were enormous i.75 million people dead worldwide ii.millions of refugees iii.lands in Europe and Asia in ruins B.change of international power i.the old European Powers – France, Britain, and Germany – were exhausted by the war ii.two new powers – the USSR and the USA – assumed the dominant role in global politics

74. 7. From World War to Cold War A.costs of World War II were enormous i.75 million people dead worldwide ii.millions of refugees iii.lands in Europe and Asia in ruins B.change of international power i.the old European Powers – France, Britain, and Germany – were exhausted by the war ii.two new powers – the USSR and the USA – assumed the dominant role in global politics C.conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust led to the Cold War, which pitted the western democracies, led by the United States, against the communist bloc, dominated by the Soviet Union

75. Essential Questions How did the aggressors of World War 11 benefit from the policy of appeasement and nonintervention? How did the geography of the Allied and Axis powers impact diplomacy, military and political decisions during World War 11? What was the human cost of World War11?