2. Commission President, Jose Manuel Barroso "Sometimes I like to compare the EU as a creation to the organization of empire.”empire

3.  A unique institution – Member States voluntarily cede national sovereignty in many areas to carry out common policies and governance.  Not a super-state to replace existing states, nor just an organization for international cooperation.  Shared values: liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law.  Largest economic body in the world.  World’s most successful model for advancing peace and democracy.

4.  Pre-1945 Europe  Great power rivalries, two devastating wars, many revolutions, etc.  Post-1945 Europe  Cold War rivalry between the US and USSR; Europe caught in the middle and fearful of its interests.  Nationalism  The most deadly force in history.  The Schuman Plan (1950)  Creates the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

5.  Treaty of Rome (1957)  Established the European Economic Community (EEC)  Towards a custom union.  Common institutions:  Council of Ministers  European Commission  European Parliament  European Court of Justice  Single European Act (1986)  Towards a single market.  Treaty on European Union (1992)  Towards economic and monetary union (EMU).

6.  Deepening Integration  Customs union (1972)  Common market (1992)  Monetary union (1999)  General circulation of euro begins in 2002.  Expansion into social policy, justice and home affairs.  Widening Integration  Candidates must have a stable democracy.  Candidates must have a functioning market economy.  Candidates must adopt the common rules, standards, and policies of EU law.

7.  Deepening Integration  Customs union (1972)  Common market (1992)  Monetary union (1999)  General circulation of euro begins in 2002.  Expansion into social policy, justice and home affairs.  Widening Integration  Candidates must have a stable democracy.  Candidates must have a functioning market economy.  Candidates must adopt the common rules, standards, and policies of EU law.

8. Future Croatia Iceland FYR Macedonia Turkey Albania Bosnia & Herzegovina Montenegro Serbia Kosovo* Candidates: Potential candidates: Bulgaria Romania Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Slovakia Slovenia Austria Finland Sweden Portugal Spain Greece Denmark Ireland United Kingdom 2007 20041995 19861981 1973

9. 1958197319811986199520042007 USNC Area (1000km)1,1671,5241,6582,2523,2343,8924,343 9,631139 Population (millions) 185273287338370457501 3009.4 Member States691012152527 50100 Official Languages 4679112023 11 MEPs142198434518626732736 435+6170 Impact of successive enlargements (1958-2007)

10. Population Density (2008)

11. UK Germany Romania France Netherlands And where does the USA fit in? Can you place these countries in order of GDP/capita (2008)?

12. $40,558 The Netherlands $36,358 United Kingdom $35,539 Germany $34,205 France $12,600 Romania USA $47,440 Canada $39,098 Mexico $14,534 Source: IMF figures for 2008 GDP/capita in purchasing power parity

13. Regional Disparities (2005)

14. Orthodox Christianity Sunni Islam Catholic Christianity Protestant Christianity Judaism

16. €141.9 billion = $188 billion (expenditures) 1.1% of EU GDP ( revenues )

17. $3,456 billion ( expenditures ) 18.1% of US GDP ( revenues )

18.  European Union  Area: 1,669,807 sq. mi.  Pop.: 501,064,211  GDP PPP: $15.17 trillion  Per Capita: $30,388  Gini: 30.7  HDI: 0.937  United States  Area: 3,794,101 sq. mi.  Pop.: 308,745,538  GDP PPP: $14.624 trillion  Per Capita: $47,123  Gini: 45  HDI: 0.902