1. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 1 Wheat: Weeds & Insects Presentation by: Chad Lee, Grain Crops Extension Specialist University of Kentucky

2. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 2 Most of the information comes from: ID-125: A Comprehensive Guide to Wheat Management in Kentucky

3. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 3 Objectives Weed management options Insect management options

4. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 4 Weed Management Burndown Herbicides (no-till) –Gramoxone contact, acts quickly, spray coverage critical –Glyphosate systemic, acts slowly, coverage less critical

5. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 5 Weed Management Fall and Spring Applications –Buctril mustards, field pennycress –Harmony Extra XP common chickweed, curly dock, henbit, mustards, pennycress, shepherd’s-purse, wild garlic

6. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 6 Weed Management Fall or Spring Application Hoelon –annual ryegrass Osprey –annual ryegrass http://forages.oregonstate.edu/ Apply one application only, prior to joint (Feekes 6)

7. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 7 Weed Management Fall and Spring Applications –Banvel shepherd’s-purse, garlic Only on tillered, established stands –2,4-D mustards, pennycress, shepherd’s-purse Only on tillered, established stands

8. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 8 Weed Management Fall and Spring Applications –Sencor common chickweed, henbit, mustards, pennycress, shepherd’s-purse Only on wheat varieties recommended on Sencor label

9. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 9 Weed Management Preharvest Treatments –Glyphosate –2,4-D

10. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 10 Insect Management OctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJun Aphids a,b Armyworm Fall Armyworm b Cereal Leaf Beetle Hessian Fly b Figure 8-1. Small Grain Insect Scouting Calendar The red portions indicate periods of possible economic populations. a Early planting and warm fall weather increase potential for aphids and BYDV. b Wheat planted before October 15 is subject to attack by this insect.

11. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 11 Insect Management: Aphids Transmits Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Scout in Fall: until temps fall below 45 ºF. Scout in Spring: once temps rise above 45 ºF.

12. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 12 Insect Management: Aphids Scouting heads prior to Feekes 10.1 Scout entire plant, esp. near soil line prior to heading. Count aphids per plant in 1-ft row. Repeat two more times across the field.

13. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 13 Insect Management: Aphids Number of aphids per foot of wheat row required to support an insecticide application for management of BYD. Crop age (post emergence) Aphids/Foot of Row 30 days3 30 to 60 days6 More than 60 days10 http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/PAT/recs/crop/recgrn/smgaph2.htm

14. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 14 Insect Management: Aphids Scouting heads after Feekes 10.1 Count aphids per head in 1-ft row. Repeat two more times across the field. RatingNumber of Aphids 0 – nonenone 1 – slight< 50 2 – moderate50 – 100 3 – severe> 100 Threshold Level

15. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 15 Insect Management: Aphids http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/PAT/recs/crop/recgrn/smgaph2.htm 2.56 to 3.84 fl oz30 (Grain and hay) Foliar InsecticideRate per AcreDays to Harvest Di-Syston 8E (Disulfoton) 4 to 12 fl oz 30 (Do not graze or cut for forage) Lannate 90 SP (methomyl) 1/4 to 1/2 lb 7 (Grain) 10 (Grazing or feeding) Malathion 57% EC (Malathion) 1 1/2 to 2 pts7 Mustang Max (Wheat only) 3.2 to 4.0 fl. oz.14 (grain, forage & hay) Penncap-M (Methyl parathion) 2 to 3 pts15 (Harvest or grazing) Warrior (Lambda-cyhalothrin) 2.56 to 3.84 fl oz30 (Grain and hay)

16. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 16 Insect Management: Hessian Fly Larvae are found between leaf sheath and stalk at base of plant. Scout once after first frost in fall and from early spring until June. Thin, stunted, chlorotic patches in the field. No rescue treatment.

17. Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 17