1. The Explorers American Literature I

2. Giovanni da Verrazzano ( 1485-1528) American Lit. I

3. Verrazzano Italian navigator Sailed for King Francis I of France 1524 explored the northeast coast of North America from Cape Fear, N.C. to Maine

4. Verrazzano January 17, 1524: left Madeira, Spain March 7: spied land (Cape Fear, N.C.) First sailed south, then north to New York Sailed to Maine, then on to Newfoundland, Canada, and back to Europe July 8: back to Dieppe, France

6. Verrazzano Searching for a Northwest passage to Asia Thought that North America was a thin isthmus separating the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

7. Verrazzano Made two more voyages. 1527: mutiny forced him to return to France (by way of Brazil) 1528: landed in Florida then to lesser Antilles Was killed and eaten by Carib Indians

8. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (1490?-1557?)

9. Cabeza de Vaca Sailed to North America from Spain as treasurer of expedition led by Narváez. Departed in 1527 250 to 300 men

10. Cabeza de Vaca After surviving a hurricane near Cuba, the expedition landed on the west coast of Florida (near Tampa Bay) in April 1528. A series of hurricanes and fights with Native Americans killed many of the crew.

11. Cabeza de Vaca Men made 5 rafts on which they sailed west, hoping to reach a Spanish settlement in Mexico. Three rafts sank Two surviving rafts (carrying 80 men) landed at Galveston Island Narvaez did not survive

12. Cabeza de Vaca Only 15 men survived the cold winter. Traveled west, walking along the Colorado River. By 1533, there were only 4 survivors (including Cabeza de Vaca ) Were enslaved by Indian tribes along the way Were helped by others

13. Cabeza de Vaca Only 15 men survived the cold winter. Traveled west, walking along the Colorado River. By 1533, there were only 4 survivors (including Cabeza de Vaca ) Were enslaved by Indian tribes along the way Were helped by others

14. Cabeza de Vaca These 4 men were the first non- natives to travel in this area of southwestern North America. Reached the Spanish settlement of Culiacan in early 1536 Later that year they reached Mexico City, where they were welcomed by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza.

16. Cabeza de Vaca After serving as a Mexican territorial governor, de Vaca returned to Spain in 1537. Published an account of his travels 1542: La Relación (The Report) later known as Naufragios (Shipwrecks) His writing encouraged many other Spanish expeditions to the Americas De Soto (1539-1543) Coronado (1540-1542)

17. Cabeza de Vaca

18. Samuel De Champlain (1567?-1635)

19. Champlain French explorer and navigator Mapped much of northeastern North America Made twelve explorations and map making trips from 1603 to 1633 Started a settlement in Quebec

21. Champlain Discovered the lake later named for him (1609) Important in establishing and administering the French colonies in the New World

22. Champlain 1603: sailed to France on Francois Grave Du Pont's expedition up the St. Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers explored the Gaspe Peninsula 1603: Returned to France and decided to search for a Northwest Passage and to settle the Gaspe Peninsula

23. Champlain 1604: Returned to Canada on Pierre de Mont's expedition. 1604-1607: sailed around and charted most of the coast of Nova Scotia (to the Bay of Fundy) and down the coast to Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts), and later to Rhode Island 1605: After a short time in France, returned to Canada and helped found a colony in Port Royal, Nova Scotia

24. Champlain 1608: led 32 colonists to settle Quebec in order to establish it as a fur-trading center. Only nine colonists survived the winter More arrive the next summer

25. Champlain 1609: befriended the Huron Indians and helped them fight the Iroquois (this battle led to 150 years of bitterness and hostility between the Iroquois and the French). It was during this venture that he discovered Lake Champlain.

26. Champlain 1613: again sailed up the St. Lawrence & explored the Ottawa River. 1615: after returning from France, he retraced this route and ventured into what is now northern New York state and the eastern Great Lakes (Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario).

27. Champlain Headed the Quebec settlement for years, until the English attacked and took the Fort at Quebec in July 1629. Returned to France. After a French-British peace treaty in 1632, Quebec was once again French, and Champlain returned as its governor (1633). He died from a stroke on Dec. 25, 1635.