1. Wording questions

2. Write questions to find out which policy is favored by the Belgian people in the US-Iraq conflict Response scale Response scale 0 Don’t agree 0 Don’t agree 1 Rather don’t agree 1 Rather don’t agree 2 Rather agree 2 Rather agree 3 Agree 3 Agree Ask questions that indicate whether people prefer a diplomatic or a military approach Ask questions that indicate whether people prefer a diplomatic or a military approach

3. Critical thinking Is question worded clearly? Is question worded clearly? Opinion or belief > < Fact No double barrel No double barrel Do answers to the question help to answer the research question? Do answers to the question help to answer the research question? Can you expect the question to discriminate well? Can you expect the question to discriminate well? No overlap No overlap

4. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination, 6 = Overlap President Bush's current policies are satisfactory. 4 It is important to conduct weapon inspections in Iraq. 4,5 Iraq's repeated violations of U.N. orders are a reason for military action. 0 Saddam Hussein is a threat to the world peace. 5, 4, 2

5. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination The Gulf War was a mistake. 1,2,4 A possible attack on Iraq is only a mere cover for Bush's failing economic policies. 2, 3 The US is too dominant in world affairs. 4 Other countries follow the US out of fear. 2 Tony Blair should leave Europe out of this.

6. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination There needs to be a new attack against Iraq. 0,1 Bush should undergo a government policy reform. 1, 4 US and Iraq should resolve their issues diplomatically. 0 US should refrain from involving itself in Iraq’s affairs 4 US should not make global decisions without full UN support. 4

7. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Iraq should allow weapon inspectors to enter. US should undergo rigorous weapon control. Bush’s IQ test results should be made public! It’s all Bush Sr.´s fault! Saddam should brush his teeth.

8. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination The motives of the American government to invade Iraq are of a financial nature Discontinuing humanitarian aid to the Iraqi people will pressure the Iraqi government to conform to UN demands The EU should give unconditional support to an US decision to invade Iraq Iraq poses a real threat to peace and stability of the US I trust the American government to make a rational decision

9. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Military action against Iraq is way by which the American government intends to replace the oppressive current regime Saddam Hussein has the right refuse weapon inspectors in Iraq A diplomatic approach and solution is still possible A dialog with Iraq's neighboring countries would help to find a solution to this crisis I am decently informed about the Iraqi situation

10. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Bush can justify a military action against Iraq. The United Nations should get actively involved in actions against Iraq. The European Union should not follow Great Britain in supporting U.S. strategies. It is not right to interfere in internal affairs of a Sovereign Country, therefore it is not right to attack Iraq. The European Union, Russia, and the United States should unite to fight against terrorism and secure world peace.

11. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination The Bush Administration wants to remove Saddam Hussein now only because they failed to do so at the end of the Gulf War. NATO should get involved. The E.U. should hold a referendum if they should support the U.S. or not. Russia should take a stronger standpoint in their views towards Iraq. Bush is being too dominant in the UN

12. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Other European countries should support Bush Saddam threatens world peace An attack on Saddam would be for the good of the world US reasons for an attack are justified I support an attack on Iraq

13. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination I support the politic of G.W. Bush about Iraq The US can only invade Iraq with the support of UN If the US invades Iraq it could cause World War-III Iraq is helping the al-Qaeda network of Bin Laden Iraq would do better without Saddam Hussein

14. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Europe should support the US no matter what Is it necessary for the alliance to invade Iraq Saddam Hussein has nuclear weapons Iraq supports terrorism Saddam Hussein is a threat to his people and neighbors

15. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Iraq is a threat to the United States Saddam Hussein could be a threat to Europe security Sending the UN inspectors will be useful Military action is needed to resolve this issue We must support American action

16. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination There is a link between the economic recession and the issue in Iraq Europe should have a common position with regards to Saddam Hussein and Iraq to what extent do you agree with Bush´s decision to bomb Iraq to what extent do you agree with the opinion that it is too late to allow U.N. inspector war is the best way to fight international terrorism, give your judgment

17. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Saddam´s Iraq poses a threat to international security, give your judgment the U.S. have the responsibility to sanction Iraqi government’s violation of U.N. charter, give your judgment the U.S. have the moral right to intervene in a question regarding production of mass destruction weapons, give your judgment the European Union should get involved in this affair, give you judgment U.S. allies should support U.S. military action in any circumstance, give your judgment

18. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination the economic aspects of this war appear to overcome the political ones, give your judgment if Belgium intervenes in the war i will actively protest against the decision, to what extent do you share this view Do you agree with Bush's refusal to proceed with the weapon inspection? Do you agree that the military intervention can provoke even greater conflict in the region? Only the military means can solve the conflict.

19. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination The US has a legitimate reason to intervene. Should the EU support the US military action in Iraq? Have you followed the entire conflict between Iraq and the US since the beginning? The US foreign policy regarding Iraq?

20. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination if Belgium decided to follow US policies against Iraq? Iraq sabotaged the sites before allowing the UN to inspect them? Louis Michel doesn't think we should go to war with Iraq? Does Saddam Hussein need to be replaced? the US wants to go to war alone if necessary?

21. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination NATO should be involved? They should wait for the UN inspectors to finish visiting the sites before doing anything? NATO forces should interfere in countries where there is nuclear threat. Saddam Hussein's policy is unacceptable for democratic countries and his regime should be ceased. Should Iraq reveal its supporting actions towards al-Qaeda.

22. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Saddam Hussein should allow the UN inspectors to investigate weapons in Iraq. Iraq is to be considered a very dangerous country. Sanctions should be lifted if Iraq allows the UN inspectors to investigate.

23. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination President Bush's policies about military action consider Europe's interests Military action in Iraq would be disruptive to the Middle East. Sanctions should be lifted in Iraq if Saddam Hussein allows UN inspectors to investigate. President Bush's policies about military action consider Europe's interests. Failing to allow UN inspectors into the country is a justifiable reason to attack Iraq.

24. 0 = OK, 1= wording, 2 = Fact, 3 = Dbl Barrel, 4 = Irrelevant, 5 = Discrimination Tony Blair is right in supporting Bush. Bush's main interest in Iraq is oil Military action in the Iraq would be disruptive to the Middle East. Louis Michel should not let himself be influenced by Tony Blair The War on Terror justifies democracied removing regimes that are considered a threat.

25. Moreover … You need an introduction You need an introduction Question order may trigger response bias Question order may trigger response bias Length of questionnaire needs to balance reliability / response motivation / … Length of questionnaire needs to balance reliability / response motivation / … Lay-out may help in keeping up the motivation, support easy responding, … Lay-out may help in keeping up the motivation, support easy responding, … …