1. Central Office Re-architected as a Datacenter (CORD)
Larry Peterson
Open Networking Lab
(In collaboration with AT&T)

2. Open Networking Lab
Mission – To bring openness and innovation to the Internet and Cloud History – A non-profit corporation, spun out of Stanford to catalyze SDN Parallel organization to the Open Networking Foundation (ONF) Team – 25 Engineers + Visiting Engineers + Student Interns Partners – AT&T, NTT, SKT NEC, Ericsson, Huawei, Cisco, Fujitsu, Intel, Ciena Projects – Open Network Operating System (ONOS) & OpenCloud (XOS)
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?

3. ONOS – An Open Network OS
Apps
Apps
NB Core API
Distributed Core
(state management, notifications, high-availability & scale-out)
SB Core API
Adapters
Adapters
Adapters
Adapters
Protocols
Protocols
Protocols
Protocols

4. Telco Central Office
Large number of big facilities AT&T alone operates 4-5k Central Offices Evolved over the past years Not architected as a single coherent facility Source of huge CAPEX/OPEX costs Especially when compared to OTT cloud providers
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?

5. Inside a Central Office
Terminates subscriber connections k per Central Office Terminates metro networks and enterprise links SONET and Carrier Ethernet Connects to backbone networks Optical and transport termination Connects cellular networks Backhaul termination, S-GW, P-GW, MME,… Provides range of services Voice, Video, Data

6. Central Office Re-architected as a Datacenter
Cloud Management and Service Orchestration
Leaf-Spine
Fabric
ROADM
(Core)
PON
OLT MACs
GPON
(Access)
Commodity Servers, Switches, and Storage

7. Converging Threads Cloud SDN NFV
about best practices in scaling functionality
SDN
NFV
about treating the
network’s control plane
as a programmable function
about treating the
network’s data plane
as a programmable function

8. Value Proposition
Leverage SDN, NFV and modern datacenter technologies and best practices
Reduce CAPEX with virtualized commodity hardware Reduce OPEX with automated service orchestration Accelerate time-to-market for new services Add value to existing OTT cloud services

9. SDN x NFV x Cloud Source of technology to reduce CAPEX/OPEX
e.g., virtual machines, virtual networks, elastic scaling
Source of services to offer subscribers
Global Cloud Services
e.g., CDN, NoSQL DB, Analytics, Internet-of-Things
Control Plane Services
e.g., VPN, Q-in-Q Termination, MPLS Tunneling
Data Plane Services
e.g., Parental Control, NAT, WAN Acceleration
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?
Also, mutually supporting – e.g., load balancing (some improve ops, some provide value to customers)

10. Devices We Want to Virtualize
Residence/Enterprise
Central Office
Backbone
Core
Data
Center
CPE
ONU
OLT
ETH AGG
BNG
Acronyms
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment
OLT – Optical Line Termination
BNG – Broadband Network Gateway
ONT

11. Devices We Want to Virtualize
Residence/Enterprise
Central Office
Backbone
Core
Data
Center
CPE
ONU
OLT
ETH AGG
BNG
NAT
DHCP
VoIP
Firewall
Parental Control …
ONT

12. Devices We Want to Virtualize
Residence/Enterprise
Central Office
Backbone
Core
Data
Center
CPE
ONU
OLT
ETH AGG
BNG
Authorization
Physical Connect Point …
ONT

13. Devices We Want to Virtualize
Residence/Enterprise
Central Office
Backbone
Core
Data
Center
CPE
ONU
OLT
ETH AGG
BNG
QoS
VPN
GRE Tunneling
MPLS Tunneling
Q-in-Q Termination …
ONT

14. Virtualization Process – Generic
TLA  vTLA = Merchant Silicon + SDN Control Function (App running on ONOS) + NFV Data Function (Network-Function-as-a-Service) TLA = Three Letter Acronym
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?
Also, mutually supporting – e.g., load balancing (some improve ops, some provide value to customers)

15. Virtualization Process – Specific
CPE  vCPE = White-box Switch in the home + N/A + vCPE-as-a-Service (Container-per-Subscriber) OLT  vOLT = GPON Interface Card in the Central Office + vOLT-as-a-Service (App running on ONOS) BNG  vBNG = White-box Switching Fabric in the Central Office + vBNG-as-a-Service (App running on ONOS)
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?
Also, mutually supporting – e.g., load balancing (some improve ops, some provide value to customers)

16. Residence/Enterprise
Before
Residence/Enterprise
Central Office
Backbone
Core
Data
Center
CPE
ONU
OLT
ETH AGG
BNG
Acronyms
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment
OLT – Optical Line Termination
BNG – Broadband Network Gateway
ONT

17. Residence/Enterprise
vOLT + vCPE + vBNG + CDN
Residence/Enterprise
Central Office
Backbone
Core
Data
Center
ONU
vOLT-as-a-Service
vCPE-as-a-Service
CDN-as-a-Service
vBNG-as-a-Service
ONT

18. Control Plane Services (vOLT-as-a-Service + vBNG-as-a-Service)
Target Architecture
XOS (Service Orchestration) + OVX (Virtual Networks) + ONOS (Control Apps)
Data Plane Services
(vCPE-as-a-Service)
Cloud Services
(CDN-as-a-Service)
PON
OLT MACs
ROADM
GPON
Control Plane Services
(vOLT-as-a-Service + vBNG-as-a-Service)
Commodity Servers, Switches, and Storage

19. Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS)
Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality
Service Controller
(Multi-Tenant)
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)

20. Internet-as-a-Service
Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality.
vBNG Controller
(Tenant = Routable Subnet)
OpenFlow
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)
OpenFlow Switches
Over simplified… Three-tier implementation: (1) logically centralized state management; (2) distributed controller instances; (3) switches themselves.

21. Access-as-a-Service vOLT Controller Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality.
vOLT Controller
(Tenant = Subscriber VLAN)
OpenFlow
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)
OpenFlow Switches
Over simplified… Three-tier implementation: (1) logically centralized state management; (2) distributed controller instances; (3) switches themselves.

22. ONOS – An Open Network OS
vOLT & vBNG
Apps
Apps
NB Core API
Distributed Core
(state management, notifications, high-availability & scale-out)
SB Core API
Adapters
Adapters
Adapters
Adapters
Protocols
Protocols
Protocols
Protocols

23. Subscriber-as-a-Service
Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality.
vCPE Controller
(Tenant = Subscriber Bundle)
Dockerfile
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)
Per-Subscriber
Linux Container
(with select bundle) …
Tie to earlier slide. Introduce the concept. The following slides walk through three examples.

24. CDN-as-a-Service CDN Controller Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality.
CDN Controller
(Tenant = Content Provider)
Proprietary
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)
Caches
Over simplified… Three-tier implementation: (1) logically centralized state management; (2) distributed controller instances; (3) switches themselves.

25. And the Plumbing Too
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?

26. Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality.
OpenStack
(Tenant = Slice)
Open Source
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)
VMs
Over simplified… Three-tier implementation: (1) logically centralized state management; (2) distributed controller instances; (3) switches themselves.

27. VN-as-a-Service OVX Controller Logically centralized interface
to network-wide functionality.
OVX Controller
(Tenant = Virtual Network)
OpenFlow
Many points of implementation
distributed across the network.
Service Instances
(VMs, Devices)
OpenFlow Switches
Over simplified… Three-tier implementation: (1) logically centralized state management; (2) distributed controller instances; (3) switches themselves.

28. OpenVirteX (OVX) Network OS Network OS Network OS VM
OpenVirteX – A Network Hypervisor that supports Topology, Address Space, and Control Isolation
Physical Network
Key capability -- Dynamically create customizable Virtual Networks.

29. XOS – XaaS Operating System
Service 1
Controller
Service 2
Controller
Service 3
Controller
Service 4
Controller
Service N
Controller
. . .

30. XOS – XaaS Operating System
Tenant
View
Developer
View
Operator
View
. . .
(REST API, xoslib)
Data Model
Controller Framework
Service 1
Controller
Service 2
Controller
Service 3
Controller
Service 4
Controller
Service N
Controller
. . .
Adheres to MVC Paradigm

31. XOS – XaaS Operating System
Subscriber
View
Developer
View
CORD
View
. . .
(REST API, xoslib)
Data Model
Controller Framework
vOLT
Controller
vCPE
Controller
vBNG
Controller
CDN
Controller
OpenStack
Controller
. . .
Adheres to MVC Paradigm

32. XOS Data Model Defines Service as a first class object
Service = ({Slice,…}, Controller)
Flexible control over operational parameters
Slice = ({VM,…}, {VN,…})
VM = (Placement, Image, Resources)
VN = (Topology, NetworkOS, Resources)
Controller = (URL, Credentials, Plugin)
Service Composition and Tenancy
Tenant = (ServiceTenant , ServiceProvider , Connect)
Connect = Public | Private | Interconnect | Management

33. Tenancy Graph
vOLT
vCPE
CDN
vBNG
XOS
OpenStack
OpenVirteX

34. Demonstration Hardware
– OpenCloud – PP
Management
Network
OpenFlow capable
External Network
Cisco 3560
IBM G8264
14 x Cisco 220 M3
(16 cores / 128GB RAM)
POD

35. OpenCloud – Pilot Deployment

36. Value Proposition
Leverage SDN, NFV and modern datacenter technologies and best practices
Reduce CAPEX with virtualized commodity hardware Reduce OPEX with automated service orchestration Accelerate time-to-market for new services Add value to existing OTT cloud services

37. Value-Added Carrier Cloud
Note: Distinctions are artificial (based on history, not fundamental)…
Is a firewall an VNF or an SDN application?
Is CDN a cloud service or a VNF?
Is VPN a cloud service or an SDN application?

38. Service Composition Service 3 = Service 1  Service2
Logically compose services to achieve
desired functional/security behavior
Service1
Service2 VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM
Map onto physical infrastructure to
meet performance requirements VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM

39. Multi-Tier Carrier Cloud
Operator
Data Centers
Backbone
PoPs
Central
Offices
Subscribers
(Enterprises)
Amazon
AWS
Google
Cloud
Platform …
Commodity
Clouds
Nintendo Wii
Latency matters
Shared state matters
Sufficient resources matters

40. Operational Example Syndicate = CDN  Object Store  NoSQL DB
Value-Add
Storage Service
Scalable Read Bandwidth
(Akamai HyperCache & RequestRouter)
Data Durability
(S3, Glacier, DropBox, Box, Swift)
Data Consistency
(Google App Engine)

41. Value-Added Storage Service
Commodity
Clouds
Operator
Data Centers
Backbone
PoPs
Central
Offices
Subscribers
(Enterprises)
Nintendo Wii
HPC
Amazon
AWS RR S3
HPC …
Google
Cloud
Platform MS
Latency matters
Shared state matters
Sufficient resources matters

42. More Information OpenCloud: An Operational Cloud portal.opencloud.us
guide.opencloud.us
XOS: An Open Source Project
github.com/open-cloud/xos
ONOS: An Open Source Project + Community
onosproject.org
Syndicate: A Research Project (also open source)
syndicatedrive.com

43. Join the journey @ onosproject.org