1. Compound Adjectives Cleft Sentences
Language Focus
Compound Adjectives
Cleft Sentences

2. Compound Adjectives A compound adjective can be formed by many ways:
Adjective + noun + -ed.
e.g. absent-minded, cool-headed.
Adverb + past participle.
e.g. well-known, highly respected.
Adjective/ adverb + present participle.
e.g. easy-going, good-looking.

3. Practice:
Combine the words from the boxes to create compound adjectives:
absent
cold
cool
fast
forward
kind
open
warm
well
dressed
educated
headed
hearted
known
looking
minded
regarded
thinking

4. Answer key: Absent-minded Kind-hearted Well-known Open-minded
Warm-hearted
Well-regarded
Cool-headed
Well-dressed
Fast-thinking
Cold-headed
Well-educated
Forward-looking

5. Cleft Sentences
Cleft sentences are used to emphasize particular words and expressions.
They are useful in writing ( because we cannot use intonation for emphasis in writen language), but they are also common in speech.

6. Cleft Sentences
We can use these expressions to emphasize a place, time, or reason.
E.g. Mary kept a pig IN THE GARDEN SHED.
=>The garden shed was the place where Mary kept a pig.
=>The place where Mary kept a pig was the garden shed.

7. Cleft Sentences =>What Mary kept in the garden shed was a pig.
The words to be emphasized are joined to the relative clause by is / was and an expression like the person who, or what.
We can put the word to be emphasized first or last in the sentence.
E.g. MARY kept a pig in the garden shed.
=> Mary was the person who kept a pig in the garden shed.
=> The person who kept a pig in the garden shed was Mary.
Mary kept A PIG in the garden shed
=> A pig was what Mary kept in the garden shed.
=>What Mary kept in the garden shed was a pig.

8. Cleft Sentences
We can use cleft sentence to emphasize a verb or an expression beginning with a verb.
E.g: He screamed.
=> What he did was (to) scream.

9. Cleft Sentences Use to emphasize the whole sentence
E.g. The car broke down.
=> What happened was (that) the car broke down.

10. Cleft Sentences Other structures
All ( that ), and expressions with thing, can be used in cleft sentences.
Eg:All I want is home somewhere.
The only thing I remember is a terrible pain in my head.
Time expressions can be emphasized with It was not until… and it was only when…
E.g. It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
It was only when I read her letter that I realized what was happening.

11. Practice Cleft Sentences
Using cleft sentences to emphasize the given cues.
1. A: What kind of TV programs do children like most? ( the animated cartoons)
B: It is the animated cartoons that children like most.
2. A: Who asked the Mughal Emperor of India to build the Taj Mahal? (his dying wife)
B: It was his dying wife that asked him to build the Taj Mahal.

12. Thanks for your attention. Goodbye!!!!!!