1. Unit 6 Test Review

2.   1) If someone has been tried for and convicted of a serious federal crime, to which courts may that person appeal?
Supreme Court
Circuit Court

3. 2) Which kind of judicial decision-making acknowledges the power of judges to promote new social policy by overturning precedent? (Either judicial activism or judicial restraint)
Judicial activism

4. 3) What are the 3 important parts of the 14th Amendment?
Due process clause
Definition of citizenship
Equal protection clause

5. 4) The federal judicial system encompasses which courts?
The Supreme Court
District Courts
Circuit Courts

6. 5) How long is the term of office for a Supreme Court justice?
Life

7. 6) What kinds of cases are handled in federal courts?
Deciding questions on copyright
Government contract cases
Violations of federal law
International trade cases

8. 7) What are 4 types of jurisdiction?
Exclusive
Concurrent
Original
Appellate

9. 8) Why is free press a necessity in the United States?
Checks the power of the government

10. 9) A judge, deferring actions to the legislative and executive branches, expect for cases that are clearly unconstitutional, is practicing what judicial philosophy? (Either judicial restraint or judicial activism)
Judicial restraint

11. 10) 5th Amendment Rights include:
Habeas corpus
Presumption of innocence
Impartial tribunal
Right of appeal

12. 11) What is judicial review?
The ability of the judicial branch to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches.

13. 12) How did the decision of Miranda v. Arizona impact accused persons?
Accused people now must be made aware of their rights

14. 13) What is the intent of the 9th Amendment?
The people have additional rights not listed in the Constitution that cannot be denied.

15. 14) What are the functions of the judicial branch?
Interpret laws
Determine punishments
Protect citizens

16. 15) What is due process of law? Who does it protect?
A fundamental, constitutional guarantee that all legal proceedings will be fair and that one will be given notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard before the government acts to take away one's life, liberty, or property. Also, a constitutional guarantee that a law shall not be unreasonable.
It protects those who have been accused of violating a law.

17. 16) What was the decision and reasoning in Engle v. Vitale?
Students are not required to pray in school because of the establishment clause of the First Amendment.

18. 17) What is judicial restraint?
Judges defer actions to legislative and executive branches.

19. 18) What is judicial activism?
Judges make decisions that may create new precedents.

20. 19) What is one thing that the two philosophies have in common?
Judges interpret the laws and make decisions.

21.   20) Name some situations that the 14th Amendment and “substantive due process of the law” has influenced.
School integration
College admissions
Workplace equality