1. Ecosystems and Biomes Food Chains and Food Webs The movement of energy though an ecosystem can be shown in diagrams called food chains and food webs. - Energy Flow in Ecosystems

2. Ecosystems and Biomes Building Vocabulary A definition states the meaning of a word or phrase by telling about its most important feature or function. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own words. - Energy Flow in Ecosystems Key Terms:Examples: food chain consumer herbivore omnivore carnivore scavenger In a food chain, a consumer could be an herbivore, an omnivore, or a carnivore, including a scavenger. decomposerDecomposers are nature’s recyclers. Key Terms:Examples: energy pyramid food web producers An energy pyramid shows how much energy moves from one level to another in a food web, beginning with the producers.

3. Ecosystems and Biomes The Water Cycle - Cycles of Matter The processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation make up the water cycle.

4. Ecosystems and Biomes The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles In ecosystems, the processes by which carbon and oxygen are recycled are linked. Producers, consumers, and decomposers play roles in recycling carbon and oxygen. - Cycles of Matter

5. Ecosystems and Biomes The Nitrogen Cycle - Cycles of Matter In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen moves from the air to the soil, into living things, and back into the air.

6. Ecosystems and Biomes Sequencing Sequence is the order in which a series of events occurs. As you read, make a cycle diagram that shows the water cycle. Write each event of the water cycle in a separate oval. The Water Cycle Water evaporates. Clouds form. Precipitation falls. Precipitation runs off or becomes groundwater. - Cycles of Matter

7. Ecosystems and Biomes Continental Drift One factor that has affected how species are distributed is the motion of Earth’s continents. - Biogeography

8. Ecosystems and Biomes Limits to Dispersal - Biogeography The typical weather pattern in an area over a long period of time is the area’s climate.

9. Ecosystems and Biomes Relating Cause and Effect As you read, identify three causes of dispersal. Write the information in a graphic organizer like the one below. Dispersal of species Wind Water Living things, including humans - Biogeography Causes Effect

10. Ecosystems and Biomes Rain Forest Biomes Temperate rain forests receive a great deal of rain and have moderate temperatures. - Biomes

11. Ecosystems and Biomes - Biomes Rain Forest Biomes Tropical rain forests are wet, warm biomes that contain an amazing variety of plants and other organisms.

12. Ecosystems and Biomes - Biomes Desert Biomes A desert is an area that receives less than 25 centimeters of rain per year.

13. Ecosystems and Biomes - Biomes Grassland Biomes A grassland is an area that is populated mostly by grasses and other nonwoody plants.

14. Ecosystems and Biomes Deciduous Forest Biomes Many of the trees in the deciduous forest are deciduous trees, which shed their leaves and grow new ones each year. A deciduous forest receives at least 50 centimeters of precipitation each year. Temperatures vary greatly through the year. - Biomes

15. Ecosystems and Biomes Boreal Forest Biomes Most of the trees in the boreal forest are coniferous trees, trees that produce their seeds in cones and have leaves shaped like needles. Winters in the boreal forest are cold and very snowy, but summers are warm and rainy enough to melt all the snow. - Biomes

16. Ecosystems and Biomes - Biomes Tundra The tundra is an extremely cold and dry biome. Most of the soil in the tundra is permafrost, which is frozen all year.

17. Ecosystems and Biomes - Biomes Mountains and Ice Some areas of land are not part of any major biome. These areas include mountain ranges and land that is covered with thick sheets of ice.

18. Ecosystems and Biomes Biome Climates An ecologist collected climate data from two locations. The graph shows the monthly average temperatures in the two locations. The total yearly precipitation in Location A is 250 cm. In Location B, the total yearly precipitation is 14 cm. - Biomes

19. Ecosystems and Biomes Biome Climates Month is plotted on the horizontal axis; temperature is plotted on the vertical axis. Reading Graphs: What variable is plotted on the horizontal axis? On the vertical axis? - Biomes

20. Ecosystems and Biomes Biome Climates Location A temperatures are steady; Location B temperatures fluctuate. Interpreting Data: Look over the graph. How would you describe the temperature over the course of a year in Location A? In Location B? - Biomes

21. Ecosystems and Biomes Biome Climates Location A: tropical rain forest Location B: desert Drawing Conclusions: Given the precipitation and temperature data for these locations, in which biome would you expect each to be located? Explain your answers. - Biomes

22. Ecosystems and Biomes Biome Climates Answers will vary but should reflect whether local climate is hot or cold, seasonal or steady. Predicting: What would you expect a temperature graph for your biome to look like? Draw a temperature graph for the biome in which you live. - Biomes

23. Ecosystems and Biomes Character- istic Comparing and Contrasting As you read, compare and contrast the different biomes by completing a table like the one below. Warm all year - Biomes Tropical Rain Forest Tundra Temperate Rain Forest Desert Grassland Deciduous Forest Boreal Forest Tempera- ture Precipit- ation Typical organisms Cold all year Cool winters, warm in summer Usually hot with great daily extremes Temps vary throughout the year Warm in summer, cold in winter Warm to cool in summer, cold in winter Wet all yearDry all year Rather wet all year Dry all year Mostly dry with a wet season Moderate rainfall Abundant rain and snow OrangutanMosses Mule deer Gamble’s quail Grasses Red fox Lynx

24. Ecosystems and Biomes Marine Ecosystems The ocean is home to a number of different ecosystems. Factors such as water temperature and the amount of sunlight determine what types of organisms can live in each zone. - Aquatic Ecosystems

25. Ecosystems and Biomes Marine Ecosystems The ocean is home to a number of different ecosystems. Factors such as water temperature and the amount of sunlight determine what types of organisms can live in each zone. - Aquatic Ecosystems

26. Ecosystems and Biomes Outlining As you read, make an outline about the different types of aquatic ecosystems. Use the red headings for the main ideas and the blue headings for the supporting ideas. Aquatic Ecosystems I.Freshwater Ecosystems A.Streams and Rivers B.Ponds and Lakes II.Marine Ecosystems A.Intertidal Zone B.Neritic Zone C.Open Ocean - Aquatic Ecosystems

27. Ecosystems and Biomes Graphic Organizer Bacteria in root nodules fix free nitrogen into compounds. Decomposers break down wastes and remains of organisms. Bacteria release some free nitrogen back into the air. Free nitrogen is present in air. Consumers obtain nitrogen by eating plants. Nitrogen Cycle