1. Welcome to SIEMENS Power Generation
TRAINING
Three Gorges

2. Timeline
Since 1945 contactless governors ( Magnetic-Regulator )
Since 1931 Power and Frequency - Regulation
Use of Tube-amplifiers since 1923
Pitch-governor up to 60MVA (1908)
Tirill Regler
(1905/06)
Thury Regler
(1889)
Since 1880
Electromechanical Governor
already 8 different types,
2 from T.A. Edison
Centrifugal governor (Watt, 1788)
| | | |
First use of a Static Excitation system (1938)
Use of Thyristors ( THYRIPOL) (1966)
Use of digital Voltage Regulators ( THYRIPOL) 1987

3. Excitation Systems for Synchronous Generators
Generator Output
THYRIPOL-L®
THYRIPOL®
SIPOL
THYRIPART®
RG3
THYRISIEM®
Excitation Systems for Generators with rotating Exciters
Static Excitation System with Compounding Source
Static Excitation System
Application Range
Extended Application Range 1
0,01
0,1 10
100
1000
MVA

4. SIPOL - The System Solution for Low Power Output Up to 20 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
Compact design and easy installation
Short delivery time
Failure monitoring through digital display
Actual value displayed on digital display or as analog value
User-friendly operation
Spare parts support* within 24 hours
Fully digital system stands for lower maintenance
Compatible with generator types of all manufacturers.

5. RG3 - The System Solution for Low/Medium Power Output Up to 130 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
Uninterruptible automatic transfer through diode decoupling via redundant power input facility
Redundant manual channel or redundant AVR with separate power converter available through redundant power circuit facility
Local and remote control for commissioning and operation
Special solution for industrial purposes
Profi-BusTM
The interfaces can easily be adapted to customer requirements, especially for refurbishment
Rotating-diode monitoring
Power system stabilizer (PSS)
Joint reactive power control
Volts per Hertz limiter and stator current limiter

6. THYRISIEM® - The System Solution for Medium/High Power Output Up to 225 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
Complete redundant structure
Two independent controller channels including manual and automatic mode
Two independent rectifier sections (2 x 100 % concept)
Rectifiers can be replaced during operation of generator
Complete digital controller from real-value detection up to the thyristor firing stage
Complete set of limiters to ensure safe operation even at the limits of the generator
Local operation panel including fault indications
Power system stabilizer (PSS)

7. THYRIPART® - The System Solution for Medium Power Output Up to 1000 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
Load-dependent: the compound excitation is fed from generator voltage as well as from generator current and supports load steps or short circuits on the generator line side.
Black start capability: during start-up, the internal oscillating circuit delivers a voltage rise and builds up the field from the remanence voltage of the generator.
High availability and reliability: the fundamental excitation is still supplied through passive components (transformer, reactor, capacitor, uncontrolled rectifier) even if the regulator is out of order.
Small voltage gradient: normally the controlled thyristor rectifiers create relatively high voltage gradients dU/dt. The THYRIPART® excitation system uses an uncontrolled rectifier, so the dU/dt is low. The strain on the field windings insulation is then lowered.

8. THYRIPOL® - The System Solution for High Power Output Up to 8000 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
Power system stabilizer (PSS)
Higher level closed-loop and open-loop controls
Volts per Hertz limiter, stator current limiter
Local operator panel including fault indications
Full redundancy concept possible (e.g. 2 AVRs)
fully controlled thyristor rectifier
fully digital system from actual-value detection up to firing pulse generation

9. THYRIPOL up to 2000 A , 1000 V DC

10. Standard THYRIPOL, 2200 A

11. THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 3000 A ( Sidi Krir, Egypt)

12. THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 4000 A (HPP Xingo, Brasil)

13. Blockdiagramm according IEEE
Synchronous
Machine
Regulator
Synchronous
Machine
Power
System
Exciter
Excitation System
Excitation Control System

14. Detailed Blockdiagram
Limiters and
Control
Actual Value and
Static
Reference
AVR
Generator
Terminals
Exciter
Generator
Power System
Stabilizer

15. Parameter Setting and Verification
Factory Testing
Insulation Test
Wiring Test
Visual Inspection
Parameter Setting and Verification
Check of Internal PT and CT Circuits
Check I/O
Functional Testing by Simulation
Test of Chopper
Software Test

16. Functional Requirements Automatic Voltage Regulator
Better +/- 0.2% Regulation ( System according to Accuracy of PT‘s, typical better 0.5% )
Range from remanent up to 110% rated Generator Voltage
Excitation Current Regulator
Reference values setting by raise/lower or analog input
Most advanced 32bit Technology

17. Functional Requirements Modes of Control
Automatic Control Mode ( AVR )
Accuracy < +/- 0.2% Terminal Voltage
Response Time < 0.03s
Smooth Transfer
< 0.1% change in Terminal Voltage
Manual Control Mode ( ECR )
20% If % If nom

18. Functional Requirements Auxiliary Excitation Control Features
Maximum Excitation Limiter (OEL)
- with integration mode
Ceiling Current Limiter - undelayed
Minimum Excitation Limiter (UEL)
Volts-Per-Hertz Limiter
Follow-up Control for Manual Mode
Reactive Current Controller
Power System Stabilizer ( Optional )
Loss of Exciter Diode Protection)

19. Extensive Fault Supervising System For each fault is available:
Fault Analysis
Extensive Fault Supervising System
For each fault is available:
Fault Number and Description
Fault Value
Fault List
Number of Faults
Fault time
Trace for one event
In Case of no Fault, the Operation Condition is displayed

20. Ceiling Voltage, Ceiling Current
I U U f f 1 f
= Output voltage of thyristor rectifier I
= Output current of thyristor rectifier f I 1
= Output current with ceiling operation
fmax 2
= Output current without ceiling operation 2 I I f fN I f0
Time in s U f 1

21. No-Load Limiter E2
Ed = I1*xd U J1 n  

22. Overexcitation Limiter

23. Stator Current Limiter

24. Volts per Hertz Limiter
Voltage Order 1 of one Phase
E1 = 4,44 *1*w*1*f*10-8 [V]
i.e.
FLUX is proportional to Ratio Volts/Hertz

25. Volts per Hertz Limiter

26. Computer Representation of AVR according IEEE 421

27. Computer Representation of PSS
Brushless Excitation Systems
Static Excitation Systems
VSmax
K_PDG Vs
VSmin
K0PDG
K1PDG
K2PDG
K3PDG
K4PDG
VSI 1
S TD_PDG . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . - -
S Ti 1PDG
S Ti 2PDG
S Ti 3PDG
S Ti 4PDG
Range ,99 % ms

28. Model - Calculation ( i.g. Design of DC Fieldbreaker )

29. Generator Diagramm
Operating Point

30. Picture of HPP Three Gorges, China
14x MVA Generators, THYRIPOL Excitation Systems