2. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved

3. CHAPTER 5 - Learning

4. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Directions: Scroll through the presentation and enter the answers (which are really the questions) and the questions (which are really the answers). Enter in the categories on the main game boards. As you play the game, click on the TEXT DOLLAR AMOUNT that the contestant calls, not the surrounding box. When they have given a question, click again anywhere on the screen to see the correct question. Keep track of which questions have already been picked by printing out the game board screen and checking off as you go. Click on the “Game” box to return to the main scoreboard. Enter the score into the black box on each players podium. Continue until all clues are given. When finished, DO NOT save the game. This will overwrite the program with the scores and data you enter. You MAY save it as a different name, but keep this file untouched!

5. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Round 1Round 2 Final Jeopardy Tolman Honzik Ski nne r

6. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Principles of Classical Conditioning More Classical Condition- ing Additional Classical Conditioning Bonus: Classical Conditioning Principles of Operant C. More Operant C. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Round 2 Final Jeopardy Scores

7. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 Relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience

8. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 What is learning? Scores

9. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 The process of learning by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit an identical or similar response to one originally elicited by another stimulus as the result of the pairing of the two stimuli.

10. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is classical conditioning? Scores

11. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 An unlearned response to a stimulus

12. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 What is an unconditioned response? Scores

13. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 A stimulus that elicits an unlearned response

14. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is an unconditioned stimulus? Scores

15. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 A stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a particular response

16. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 What is a neutral stimulus? Scores

17. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 An acquired or learned response to a conditioned stimulus

18. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 What is a conditioned response? Scores

19. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

20. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is a conditioned stimulus? Scores

21. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response

22. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 What is extinction? Scores

23. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved

24. $400 The spontaneous return of a conditioned response following extinction

25. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is spontaneous recovery? Scores

26. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 The process of relearning a conditioned response following extinction

27. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 What is reconditioning? Scores

28. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 The tendency for stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response

29. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 What is stimulus generalization? Scores

30. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 The tendency to differentiate among stimuli so that stimuli that are related to the original conditioned stimulus, but not identical to it, fail to elicit a conditioned response

31. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is stimulus discimination? Scores

32. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 The process by which a new stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response as a result of its being paired with a conditioned stimulus that already elicits the conditioned response

33. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 What is higher-order conditioning? Scores

34. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 An emotional response to a particular stimulus acquired through classical conditioning

35. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is a conditioned emotional reaction? Scores

36. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 Excessive fears of particular objects or situations

37. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 What are phobias? Scores

38. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 Form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the principles of learning

39. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 What is behavior therapy? Scores

40. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 Aversions to particular tastes acquired through classical conditioning

41. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What are conditioned taste aversions? Scores

42. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 The body’s system of defense against disease

43. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 What is the immune system? Scores

44. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 3 characteristics that strengthen conditioned responses

45. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What are: 1.Frequency of Pairings 2.Timing 3.Intensity of unconditioned stimulus What are: 1.Frequency of Pairings 2.Timing 3.Intensity of unconditioned stimulus Scores

46. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 This person viewed that classical conditioned involves a cognitive process by which organisms learn to anticipate events based on cues or signals that reliably predict the events

47. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 Who was Robert Rescorla? Scores

48. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 Thorndike’s principle that responses that have satisfying effects are more likely to recur, while those that have unpleasant effects are less likely to recur

49. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 What is the Law of Effect? Scores

50. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 The philosophical position that free will is an illusion or myth and that human and animal behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences

51. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is radical behaviorism? Scores

52. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 A stimulus event that strengthens the response it follows

53. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 What is a reinforcer? Scores

54. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 The process of learning in which the manipulation of the consequences of a response influences the likelihood or probability of the response occurring

55. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is operant conditioning? Scores

56. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 An experimental apparatus developed by B. F. Skinner for studying relationships between reinforcement and behavior

57. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 What is the Skinner box?

58. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 In Skinner’s view, behavior acquired through coincidental association of a response and a reinforcement Scores

59. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $100 What is superstitious behavior?

60. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 A cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response Scores

61. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is a discriminative stimulus?

62. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 The strengthing of a response through the introduction of a stimulus following the response Scores

63. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $300 What is positive reinforcement?

64. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 The strengthening of a response through the removal of a stimulus after the response occurs Scores

65. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is negative reinforcement?

66. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 Reinforcers, such as food or sexual stimulation, that are naturally rewarding because they satisfy basic biological needs or drives Scores

67. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $500 What are primary reinforcers?

68. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Even More Operant Contition- ing Operant Condition -ing! Finally: Operant Condition- ing Cognitive Learning Bonus: Cognitive Learning Practicing Reinforce ment $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 Round 1 Final Jeopardy Scores

69. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 Learned reinforcers, such as money, that develop their reinforcing properties because of their association with primary reinforcers

70. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What are secondary reinforcers? Scores

71. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 A process of learning that involves the reinforcement of increasingly closer approximations of the desired response

72. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is shaping? Scores

73. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 The method used to shape behavior that involves reinforcing even-closer approximations of the desired response

74. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 What is method of successive approximations? Scores

75. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 Predetermined plans for timing the delivery of reinforcement

76. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 What are schedules of reinforcement? Scores

77. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 A system of dispensing a reinforcement each time a response is produced

78. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 What is a schedule of continuous reinforcement? Scores

79. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 A system of dispensing a reinforcement for only a portion of responses

80. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is a schedule of partial reinforcement? Scores

81. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved

82. $400 The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to escape from an aversive stimulus

83. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is escape learning? Scores

84. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to avoid an aversive stimulus

85. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 What is avoidance learning?

86. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 The introduction of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a reinforcing stimulus after a response occurs, which leads to the weakening or suppression of the response Scores

87. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 What is punishment? Scores

88. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 The systematic application of learning principles to stregthen adaptive behavior and weaken maladaptive behavior

89. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 What is behavior modification? Scores

90. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 A from of behavior modification in which tokens earned for performing desired behaviors can be exchanged for positive reinforcers

91. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is token economy program? Scores

92. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 A learned method in which complex material is broken down into a series of small steps that learners master at their own pace

93. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is programmed instruction? Scores

94. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 A form of programmed instruction in which a computer is used to guide a student through a series of increasingly difficult questions

95. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 What is computer-assisted instruction? Scores

96. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 What is one reason why parents should not use punishment as a method of disipline?

97. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 What is that punishment Does not teach new behaviors Can have undesirable consequences May become abusive May represent a form of inappropriate modeling ? What is that punishment Does not teach new behaviors Can have undesirable consequences May become abusive May represent a form of inappropriate modeling ? Scores

98. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 Schedule in which the number of correct responses needed before reinforcement is given varies around some average number

99. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 What is variable ratio schedule? Scores

100. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 Learning that occurs without the opportunity of first performing the learned response or being reinforced for it

101. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is cognitive learning? Scores

102. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 The process of mentally working through a problem until the sudden realization of a solution occurs

103. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is insight learning? Scores

104. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved

105. $600 Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and that is not displayed until reinforcement is provided

106. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 What is latent learning? Scores

107. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 A mental representation of an area that helps an organism navigate its way from one point to another

108. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 What is a cognitive map? Scores

109. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 Learning without conscious awareness of what is learned

110. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 What is implicit learning? Scores

111. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 Learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others

112. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is observational learning? Scores

113. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 Developer of the term ‘cognitive map’

114. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 Who is Edward Tolman? Scores

115. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 The “Aha!” phenomenon

116. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 What is insight? Scores

117. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 In observational learning, the person whose behavior is observed

118. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 Who is the model? Scores

119. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 Also referred to as ‘vicarious learning’

120. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 What is observational learning? Scores

121. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 To modify behavior through reinforcement, it is important to establish a clear ____, or connection, between the desired behavior and the reinforcement

122. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $200 What is contingency? Scores

123. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 Exchanging of desirable reinforcers; a more formal way of establishing a contingency

124. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $400 What is contingency contracting? Scores

125. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 2 guidelines for enhancing the effectiveness of reinforcement

126. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $600 What are: Be specific Use specific language Select a reinforcer Explain the contingency Apply the reinforcer Track the frequency of the desired behavior Wean the child from the reinforcer What are: Be specific Use specific language Select a reinforcer Explain the contingency Apply the reinforcer Track the frequency of the desired behavior Wean the child from the reinforcer Scores

127. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 2 ways to give praise

128. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $800 What are: Make eye contact with the child Use hugs Be specific Be sincere What are: Make eye contact with the child Use hugs Be specific Be sincere Scores

129. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 2 more ways to give praise

130. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved $1000 What are: Avoid empty flattery Reward the effort, not the outcome Avoid repeating yourself Don’t end on a sour note What are: Avoid empty flattery Reward the effort, not the outcome Avoid repeating yourself Don’t end on a sour note Scores

131. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Scores Schedules of Partial-Reinforcement Final Jeopary Question

132. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved The four types of partial- reinforcement

133. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved What are: 1.Fixed-ratio 2.Variable-ratio 3.Fixed-ratio 4.Variable-interval What are: 1.Fixed-ratio 2.Variable-ratio 3.Fixed-ratio 4.Variable-interval Scores