1. RECONSTRUCTION ERA US HISTORY A THEME # 2 President Andrew Johnson Homer Plessy

2. DESTRUCTION OF THE SOUTH Americans faced the challenge that the country needed to be rebuilt. The war destroyed lots of property The Thirteen Amendment-end of slavery. The slaves were happy and excited to be free.

3. LAWS TO REBUILD THE SOUTH Congress passed laws to help rebuild the South Bureau of Refugee, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands (Freedman’s Bureau) led whites and blacks to get back on their feet The bureau helped with establishing hospitals and provided medical care Schools and colleges were established to assist the people.

4. LAWS TO REBUILD THE SOUTH Reconstruction Plans by President Johnson: written a new state constitution elect a new state government repeal its act of succession agree not pay Confederate debts Honest conviction is my courage; the Constitution is my guide.

5. LAWS TO REBUILD THE SOUTH ratified 13 Amendment Black Codes allowed the Blacks to marry, own property and sue but they couldn’t vote Amendment 13 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

6. LAWS TO REBUILD THE SOUTH Civil Rights Act nullified the black codes Fourteenth Amendment states all blacks were citizens A new reconstruction plan by Congress: A new constitution that supported black suffrage elect a new state government

7. PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON PUSHED FOR NEW LAWS ratify the 14 Amendment apply readmission President Johnson was impeached because he enforced the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton ratify the 14 Amendment

8. Amendment 14 All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

9. CHANGES IN THE SOUTH Three types of voters moved to the South” Northern Teachers, Freedman’s bureau agents business people (carpetbaggers) make lots of money Southerners would didn’t support the rebellion Ulysses Grant was elected to President Fifteen Amendment a person’s right to vote ((without color, race or slavery) Public schools and hospitals were established Women right to own property Amendment 15 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

10. RISE OF THE KKK Ku Klux Klan and Knights of the White Camelia harassed African-American voters and their supporters. The secret societies were violent burned crosses and used fear and horror These groups wanted white rule Enforcement Act tried to protect the African- Americans

11. SEGREGATION POLICIES African-Americans had to pay a poll tax or literacy test to vote. Grandfather Clause -if your grandfather voted then you were able to vote. Jim Crow laws- separation of blacks and whites in public areas ( segregation laws). Many African-Americans were lynched.

12. SEGREGATION POLICIES Plessy v. Ferguson(1896)Separate but equal is legal The object of the Fourteenth Amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either." Homer Plessy

13. CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER Ida B. Wells- Barnet tried to stop the lynching. Brave men do not gather by thousands to torture and murder a single individual, so gagged and bound he cannot make even feeble resistance or defense.

14. CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER Booker T. Washington established Tuskegee Institute to educate the African-Americans Associate yourself with people of good quality, for it is better to be alone than in bad company.

15. CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER William E.B. Bois urged African-Americans to fight injustice and to stop discrimination and encourage equality An American, a Negro... two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.