1. Youth Leadership Forum 2011 Marking & Navigating “Earth, Sea & Sky”

2. How did cavemen find their way home? North Star? Rising Sun (East) Setting Sun (West) Shadows? Breadcrumbs on Trail? History ?

3. How did Christopher Columbus find his way? – Around 1492 – Ocean and Wind Currents – Sextant viewing Horizon – Degrees, minutes, and seconds Modern day sextant.

4. History 1980s - First GPS Satellites launched

5. Marking the Earth North & South Poles Latitude lines Longitude lines

6. Poles North South

7. True vs. Magnetic North

8. Latitude Horizontal “Ladder” steps from Equator 0-90 º North & 0-90 º South

9. Longitude Vertical lines from the Prime Meridian 0-180 º East & 0-180 º West

10. Balloon Activity 1.Blow up your balloon (not too big) 2.Find a partner 3.Stand back to back 4.(Instructor places dot) 5.Describe to your partner where dot is on your balloon. 6.Partner asks questions and marks theirs. What is difficult about communicating this?

11. Balloon Activity 1.Mark North Pole as “N-90 º ” 2.Mark South Pole as “S-90 º ” 3.Draw Equator line, Mark as “0 º ” Latitude 4.Mark Northern Hemisphere “NH” 5.Draw 2 Latitude lines marking ‘N30 º ’ & ‘N60 º ’ 6.Draw a large “X” on the North Pole (Perpendicular Lines!) 7.Divide Equator circle into 4 equal parts. (4 Longitudinal lines: ‘0 º ’, ‘E90 º ’, ‘W90 º ’, ‘180 º ’, ) “0 º ” is the Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian “180 º is International Dateline

12. Balloon Activity 30ºN 60ºN 0º 90ºS 90ºW 90ºE 90ºN

13. Flat Map with Lat./ Long. 90ºE90ºW 0º Prime Meridian 179ºE 179ºW 0º 30ºN 60ºN 30ºS 60ºS

14. Army Pacific Coordinates Korea: LatitudeLongitude -Red Cloud 37° 33’N127° 00’E -Humphreys 36° 58’N127° 02’E - Yongsan 37° 31’N126° 58’E - Daegu 35° 49’N128° 35’E Pacific: -Richardson 61° 15’N149° 41’W -Wainwright 64° 82’N147° 68’W -Greely 64° 54’N157° 51’W -Zama 35° 30’N139° 23’E -Torii Station26° 08 N127° 30’ E -Kwajalein 08° 43’N167° 43’E Hawaii: - Hilo- 19° 43’N155° 5’W - Honolulu 21° 20’N157° 55’W - Kaneohe Bay MCAS21° 27’N157° 46’W - Wahiawa 21° 3’N158° 2’W