1. LATG: Chapters 12-13 Common Diseases of Lab Animals Lab Animal Serology

2. Rats and Mice
Sendai Virus: affects mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs
highly contagious and can be fatal in young
affects immune system; worsened by stress
clinical signs: dyspnea, chattering respiratory sounds, decreased litter size and stunted pups
RNA virus, Paramyxovirus (parainfluenza)
natural infection occurs via respiratory tract
dirty bedding transfer inadequate for detection

3. Rats and Mice Mycoplasmosis (CRD, MRM):
Mycoplasma pulmonis: causative agent
major problem in rats; stress worsens condition
primarily affects the respiratory tract
may cause inner or middle ear infection (head tilt)
can become endemic and difficult to eradicate
causes severe pathologic lesions in the lungs: abscesses, red to gray consolidation

4. Rats and Mice CAR (Cilia associated respiratory) bacillus:
gram negative bacteria attached to cilia
respiratory disease or lesions in rats, mice, rabbits, swine
require special staining techniques on histopathology
dirty bedding inadequate for detection

5. Rats and Mice Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV):
RNA, Cornavirus, affects mice only
one of the most common diseases of mice and highly contagious (still big problem today)
fecal-oral and aerosol transmission
encephalitis, hepatitis, or enteritis
fatal wasting disease in nude mice
causes immunosuppression during infection

6. Rats and Mice Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV):
RNA, Cornavirus (related to rat cornavirus and MHV), affect rats only
affects the salivary glands of rats
swelling in neck region, ophthalmic lesions (corneal ulcer, etc.), chromodacryorrhea, chromorhinorrhea
highly contagious and spread quickly, but develop immunity and cannot be reinfect
eradication: stop breeding and burns out
Harlan: recently had outbreak in Surgical Facility

7. Rats and Mice Ectromelia Virus (Mousepox):
DNA, Orthopoxvirus, affects mice only
rare in US, but several outbreaks have occurred in the past 5 yrs.
causes high morbidity and mortality
causes hepatitis, generalized rash (pox lesions)
transmitted through imported mice, injection of biological materials (serum, tumors) into mice
other signs: facial swelling, conjunctivitis, necrosis of distal limbs

8. Rats and Mice Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV):
RNA, Arenavirus, affects mice, hamsters
ZOONOTIC agent
only mice and hamsters transmit the agent
transmission through tissue cultures, transplantable tumors, feral animals
four different forms depending on animals age

9. Rats and Mice Pinworms (Oxyurids)
Syphacia oblevata, S. muris, Aspicularis tetraptera
affects rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, rabbits, horses, NHP
probably # 1 contaminant in rat & mouse colonies in the US
no clinical signs (may cause rectal prolapse in young animals)
easily spread and survive in environment forever
fecal floatation, anal tape, or direct exam

10. Rats and Mice Ectoparasites:
Mites (Myobia sp.) and Lice (Polyplax sp.)
detection by examining pelt under microscope
pruritis, dermatitis, greasy coat, alopecia

11. Guinea pigs Bacterial pneumonia:
Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus pneumoniae
may cause anorexia, dyspnea, nasal discharge
Rabbits are carriers for B. bronchiseptica, therefore do not house G.P. and rabbits in the same area
Malocclusion: affects molars and premolars
weight loss, heavy salivation (slobbers)

12. Who Wants to be a LATG!!
1. What is the most commonly encountered spontaneous neoplasm occurring in Oryctolagus cuniculus?
A. Lymphosarcoma
B. Uterine Adenocarcinoma
C. Embryonal Nephroma
D. Mammary Adenocarcinoma

13. Rabbits Pasteurellosis: Pasteurella multocida: bacterial cause
very common in rabbits and difficult to treat
spread by aerosol or direct contact
diseases: snuffles (sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge), otitis media or interna, localized abscesses, genital infections, pneumonia

14. Rabbits Mucoid Enteropathy:
seen in 3-10 wk old rabbits that have been stressed
more common in rabbits following shipping
mucus in cage, anorexia, dehydration, distended abdomen, stained perianal fur
treatment: reduce food ration on arrival and increase dietary fiber (alfalfa cubes)

15. Rabbits Gastric Trichobezoar:
hairballs, very common in rabbits from pulling hair secondary to boredom
anorexia and no feces
treatment: mineral oil, laxative, or surgery
death secondary to hepatic lipidosis
prevention: high fiber diet

16. Rabbits Coccidiosis: Intestinal (Eimeria sp.), Liver (Eimeria stiedae)
common in conventionally raised rabbits
diarrhea, poor weight gain, distended abdomen

17. Dogs Respiratory Infections: Kennel Cough:
very common in random source dogs
Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, etc
nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea, anorexia
Kennel Cough:
Bordetella bronchiseptica
mild and self-limiting, but highly contagious
harsh, dry cough

18. Dogs Parvovirus: acute disease of young dogs
bloody diarrhea and severe panleukopenia
Otitis Externa:
bacteria, yeast, ear mites (Otodectes cynotis)
factors: dirt, trauma, hair, foreign bodies
excess head shaking and odor
Heartworms:
Dirofilaria immitis; spread by mosquitos
adults live in pulmonary artery, right artium, and right ventricle

19. Cats Urinary Disorders:
FUS (Feline Urologic Syndrome): cystitis, urethritis, urinary calculus
frequent painful urination, dysuria, hematuria
males cats more commonly affected
Otitis externa: Notoedres cati (ear mite)
Respiratory Diseases:
Feline Calcivirus and Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

20. Nonhuman Primates Tuberculosis:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium-intracellulare
Old world monkeys are very suspectible
usually contracted from humans
transmission: respiratory, intestinal, or cutaneous
spread rapidly among NHP, but disease has long slow progression

21. Nonhuman Primates Tuberculosis (con’t);
devasting to primate colony; quarterly testing of colony to prevent spread
signs: weight loss, pneumonia, skin ulceration, lymphadenopathy
highly zoonotic: mask, gown, surgical gloves
positive reactors: quarantine, test, euthanasia

22. Nonhuman Primates Measles:
Paramyxovirus (Morbillivirus-Canine Distemper)
contracted only through infected humans
fatal disease in NHP
staff must not work with NHP if infected
skin rash (Koplick spots), nasal or ocular discharge, pneumonia, facial edema

23. Nonhuman Primates Diarrhea: Bite Wounds:
common problem among NHP (new arrivals)
causes: stress, salmonella, shigella, protozoa, campylobacteria (zoonotic agents)
Bite Wounds:
more common among gang-housed animals
self mutilation
escape animals or finger pokers

24. Nonhuman Primates Herpes B Virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1):
OWM of the genus Macaca are asymptomatic carriers
oral lesions or ulcers
Zoonotic and fatal to humans
Follow safety recommendations and bite kit instructions
DO NOT BECOME A RESEARCH PAPER!!

25. Nonhuman Primates Bloat (Gastric Dilatation) common disease of NHP
found dead in cage in the morning with no previous clinical signs
signs: griting teeth, distended abdomen, hunched
postmortem signs: bloody oral discharge, stomach 2-5x normal size, frothy nasal discharge
factors: stress, anesthesia, new person, other conspecifics, gorging food

26. Sheep and Goats Q-Fever: Caseous Lymphadenitis: Foot Rot:
Coxiella burnetti: rickettsial disease
most common shed in milk or placental fluids of sheep
Zoonotic and causes bacterial endocarditis
Caseous Lymphadenitis:
enlargement of regional lymph nodes
Foot Rot:
affects skin and tissues around interdigital spaces

27. Who Wants to be a LATG!!
1. Dasypus novemcinctus is used as an animal model for the overt form of leprosy. What nonhuman primate has also been used to study leprosy?
A. Saimiri sciureus
B. Cercopithecus aethiops
C. Cercocebus torquatus atys
D. Saguinus oedipus

28. Swine Atrophic Rhinitis: Malignant Hyperthermia:
inflammation of the upper respiratory tract caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica or Pasteurella multocida
nasal turbinate atrophy and septum deviation
Malignant Hyperthermia:
muscle rigidity, fever
caused by Halothane anesthesia

29. Swine Enzootic Pneumonia: caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
chronic infectious respiratory disease
common in random source farm raised pigs
dry cough, respiratory distress and severe lung lesions

30. Frogs Redleg caused by Aeromonas hydrophila
more common in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens)
factors: stress, population density, dietary change, injury to skin or slime coat
signs: cutaneous hemorrhages on legs, but can occur anywhere on the body.

31. Mouse Serology Profiles
Sendai (SEN)
Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM)
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)
Minute Virus of Mice (MVM)
Mouse Poliovirus (GD-7): Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
Mycoplasma pulmonis (MPUL)
Mouse Parvovirus (MPV)

32. Mouse Serology Profiles
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCMV)
Mouse Adenovirus (MAD)
Ectromelia (ECTRO)
Mouse Pneumonitis (K virus)
Polyomavirus (POLY)
Cilia Associated Respiratory Bacillus (CARB)
Hantaan Virus (HANT)
Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV)
Epizootic Diarrhea of Infantile Mice (EDIM)

33. Rat Serology Profiles Sendai (SEN) Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM)
Rat Coronavirus/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (RCV/SDAV)
Kilham’s Rat Virus (KRV)
Toolan’s H-1 (H1)
Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
Mycoplasma pulmonis (MPUL)
Rat Parvovirus (RPV)

34. Rat Serology Profiles Mouse Poliovirus (GD-7)
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
Mouse Adenovirus (MAD)
Hantaan Virus (HANT)
Cilia Associated Respiratory Bacillus (CARB)

35. Guinea Pig & Hamster Serology Profile
Sendai (SEN)
Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM)
Simian Virus 5 (SV-5)
Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
Encephalitozoon cuniculi (ECUN)

36. Rabbit Serology Profile
Encephalitozoon cuniculi (ECUN)
Cilia associated respiratory (CARB)
Treponema cuniculi (TREP)
Type 3 Reovirus (REO-3)
Clostridium piliforme (CPIL)
Rotavirus (ROTA)

37. Who Wants to be a LATG!!
1. What scientific term is used to describe decreased counts/values in all of the WBC’s?
A. Panleukopenia
B. Panleukocytosis
C. Pancytopenia
D. Pandemic