1. The Increasing Influence Of Europe
Chapter 19
The Increasing Influence Of Europe

2. The Regional States of Medieval Europe
Social
& Economic
Problems
Late Byzantine Empire
The Holy Roman Empire
Otto I
Challenges from
The West
Investiture
Contest
King
In N.
Germany
Wealthy landowners
Took over properties
Of independent peasants,
Ending the Theme system
Challenges
From the East
Quelled political
disturbances,
Protected the church,
sought opportunities
In the south.
Foreign
Challenges (Normans and
Other Europeans started
crusades
Nomadic Turks
Saljuqs seize Anatolia,
Ottoman Turks capture
Constantinople
Controversy
Over appointment
Of Church Officials
Pope John XII
Proclaimed him
Emperor starting
The Holy Roman
Empire
Lay Investiture
Let lay rulers select church
Officials, Pope
Gregory VII stops
this

3. The Regional States of Medieval Europe
The Holy Roman Empire
Regional States in Italy & Iberia
Church influence
In Italy
Regional Monarchies in France & England
Italian States
Frederick
Barbarossa
( )
Christian &
Muslim States in
Iberia
12th c. a
Series of
Prosperous
Cities (Florence,
Bolgna, Milan
Venice
No one controlled
peninsula
Capetian France
Wanted to take
Lombardy in N.
Italy, & dominate
Much of Europe
The Normans
Christian:
Castile, Aragon
Portugal. Muslim:
Granada
Many ecclesiastical
States, city-states,
& principalities
Hugh Capet, descendants
Known as Capetian Kings
Pursued own interest,
Centralized from dukes themselves
Emerged as prominent political
And military leaders
Norman England
Norman the Conqueror
Norman adventures
Intervene in Italian affairs
Popes did not like
This attempt
Gathered support
From other European
Cities. Barbarossa gives
Up rights to Lombardy.
Gradually centralized
Power and authority in
France
Lay classes challenged
Bishops eventually
Displacing them
Organize regional monarchies
That maintained order
And provided reasonably good
government
They overcome Byzantine
And Muslim authorities
Due to papal support
S. Italy comes under
Roman Catholic Church

4. Economic Growth and Social Development
Revival of Towns & Trade
Urbanization
Textile
Production
Growth of the
Agricultural Economy
Population Growth
Trade
New
Crops
New Urban
Cities emerge
Expansion
In Manufacturing
& trade esp. wool
textiles
800ce at 29 mil.-
1300ce at 79 mil.
Expansion of
Arable Land
Improved
Agricultural
Techniques
New tools
& technologies
Hanseatic
League
Beans, peas, wheat,
Rice, spinach, artichokes
Eggplants, lemons…
West: Italy
To Bergen
East: N. Italy
& Flanders
Horse
collar
Horseshoe
Increased land
Devoted to
agriculture
Mediterranean
Higher productivity
Baltic Sea
& North
Sea
Dug ponds
Ports of Black Sea,
Indian Ocean & Overland
Trade w/ India, SE Asia, &
China
Different
Crop rotations
Domestic
animals
Yields higher
Taxes and increase own
wealth
Improved trading brings
Credit, banking & new
Business organizations.
(Letters of Credit, commercial
Partnerships)

5. Economic Growth and Social Development
Social Change
Guilds
Three Estates
Chivalry
Troubadours
Workers of
Arts, crafts
Artisan
Regulated
Production
and sales of
goods
Independent Cities
Women also
A part of guilds
And worked similar
jobs
High ethical standards
And refined manner, to prevent
Fighting w/in Christendom
Traveling poets
Minstrels, and
entertainers
“Those who
Prayed, those who
Fight, those who
Work”
Growing towns
Of medieval
Europe
Worked: majority
Of population, peasants
Friendship
And workers,
Provided for each
Other in times
Of need
Prayed:
Clergy of
Roman
Catholic
Church
Fight: ranks
Of Nobles
Eleanor of Aquitane
Able to resist
The demands
Of nobles and
guilds
Troubadour promoted
Good manners, refinement
And romantic love

6. European Christianity during the High Middle Ages
Schools, Universities and Scholastic Theology
European Christianity during the High Middle Ages
Reform Movements and Popular Heresies
St. Thomas Aquinas
Cathedral
Schools
Universities
Dominicans
& Franciscans
Popular
Heresy
The harmonization
Of Aristotle w/Christianity
Creating a synthesis of reason
And faith
High quality
Instruction, academic
Degrees, licenses to teach
Popular Religion
Formula
Curricula,
Instruction
In Liberal
Arts
St. Dominic
& St. Francis
Waldensians, Bogomils
And Cathars
Sacraments
Devotion
To Saints
Mendicants,
Beg for food
And other needs
Worked zealously
Against Christendom
Holy rituals
That bring
Spiritual
Blessings on
The observants
Human beings
Who had led
Such excellent
Lives that God
Held them in
esteem
Pilgrimage
Protect individuals
From death and
Advance worldly
interest
Relics believed
To retain powers
Virgin Mary