1. The English Colonies

2. The Southern Colonies

3. Founding a New Colony

4. Founding a New Colony Jamestown founded May 14, 1607
40 miles up James River in Virginia
Lack of preparation
Surrounded by marshes
Disease carrying mosquitos

5. Jamestown 105 colonists 2/3 died by winter Lack of preparation
Disease carrying mosquitos

6. John Smith

7. The Real John Smith

8. John Smith’s Impact John Smith Took Control of Jamestown 1608
Colonists rewarded for harder work
Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans

9. John Rolfe + =

10. John Rolfe’s Impact John Rolfe made Jamestown profitable
Introduced new type of tobacco
Sold well in England

11. Powhatan Confederacy + =

12. Powhatan Confederacy John Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614
Strengthened relations with Powhatan

13. Powhatan Confederacy

14. War in Virginia In 1622, colonists killed Powhatan leader
Powhatan retaliated later that year
Fighting continued for 20 more years

15. Headright System Colonists paid passage to Virginia
Received 50 acres of land
50 additional acres for every new person brought.
Richer colonists + relatives (servants) = large amounts of land

16. Indentured Servants High death rates in Virginia
Majority of workers indentured servants
Contracted to work 4-7 years for person who paid passage

17. Expansion of Slavery

18. Expansion of Slavery First Africans brought in 1619 by Dutch
Demand for workers soon outpaced supply of indentured servants
Cost of slaves fell
By mid-1600s most Africans in Virginia were kept as slaves

19. Jamestown Grows Economy of Jamestown grew
Colonial officials asked for more taxes
Poor colonists began to protest

20. Nathaniel Bacon

21. Nathaniel Bacon Opposed to trade with American Indians
Attacked friendly tribe in 1676

22. Bacon’s Rebellion

23. Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon attacked and burned Jamestown
Controlled much of the colony
…But died shortly after of dysentery

24. Other Southern Colonies
Church of England v. Roman Catholic Church
English Catholics were not allowed to worship freely
English leaders feared English Catholics would join other Catholic nations like France and Spain

25. Maryland
Fightin’ Turtles
…Technically it’s a terrapin

26. Maryland
Proposed by Lord George Calvert as a haven for Catholics in America in 1620
Charter awarded in 1632 to Cecilius Calvert
Colony established in 1634 and named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria

27. Maryland By the 1640s, Protestants began moving into the colony
Religious conflicts arose
Cecilius Calvert (a.k.a Lord Baltimore) proposed the Toleration Act of 1649
Made it a crime to restrict the rights of all Christians
First law supporting religious tolerance in the colonies

28. North Carolina
Settlers of North Carolina came primarily from Virginia

29. North Carolina Split from South Carolina in 1712
Economy relied heavily on tobacco production

30. South Carolina
Settlers of South Carolina came primarily from Europe

31. South Carolina
Like Virginia, those who paid their passage from Europe received large land grants
By 1730, some 20,000 slaves lived in South Carolina, compared to 10,000 white settlers
Remember this fact for later

32. Georgia Charter granted to James Oglethorpe in 1732
Intended as a buffer between
Spanish Florida and the rest
of the colonies
Oglethorpe wanted a place
where debtors could make a
fresh start
What a nice guy…

33. Georgia In 1733 Oglethorpe founded Savannah
Did not want large plantations owned by a few
Outlawed slavery to accomplish this
But less than 20 years later….
New laws were passed and Georgia was soon filled with large rice plantations worked by thousands of slaves

34. Economies of Southern Colonies
Depended on agriculture
Many small farms and some large plantations
Warm climate and long growing season
Cash crops
By 1700s, slaves
replaced indentured
servants as main source
of labor

35. Slave Codes Slave Codes - Laws to control slaves
Virginia, 1705 – "If any slave resists his master...
and in correcting such a slave, shall happen to be killed in such correction...
the master shall be free of all punishment...
as if such accident never happened."
South Carolina, Any slave who evades capture for 20 days or more
is to be publicly whipped for the first offense;
branded with the letter R on the right cheek for the second offense;
and lose one ear for the third offense;
and castrated for the fourth offense.
Alabama, 1833 - "Any person or persons who attempt to teach any free person of color,
or slave, to spell, read, or write, shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment,
be fined in a sum not less than two hundred and fifty dollars,
nor more than five hundred dollars."

36. “Tortures, murder, and every other imaginable barbarity…are practiced upon the poor slaves with impunity. I hope the slave-trade will be abolished.”
Olaudah Equinao

37. The Big Idea
Despite a difficult beginning, the Southern Colonies soon flourished

38. Main Ideas
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America

39. Main Ideas
Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists

40. Main Ideas
Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies

41. Main Ideas
Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies