2. 1 Take out storyboard for a stamp What will we learn today? What will we learn today? 10.3.6 Communism as opposed to capitalism 10.5.3 How the Russian Revolution affected WWI 10.6.3 Disillusionment and the void filled by dictators 10.7.1 Causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution 10.7.2 Trace Stalin’s rise to power and analyze his regime 10.7.3 The rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes. Pretend you are Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union. You are very paranoid and always worried about being overthrown. You want to keep yourself in power and limit opposition. What steps might you take?

4. Define totalitarianism. Describe Stalin’s goal of transforming the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. Summarize Stalin’s state-controlled economic program. Describe Soviet daily life.

5. Why does control of education help totalitarian regimes become successful?Why does control of education help totalitarian regimes become successful?

6. After Lenin died, Stalin seized power and transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.After Lenin died, Stalin seized power and transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.

8. Lenin died in 1924 3.5 million visited his body Lenin’s body was embalmed and tomb became a shrine. His brain was sliced into 30,000 segments and stored for future study! Statues erected everywhere, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad, streets and institutions named after him.

9. Lenin’s body is preserved in Red Square- still there today and open to the public!

11. Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin After Lenin, there was intense competition for who would rule the Communist Party

15. Young Stalin Borat

16. Victor Ruelas & Joseph Stalin

17. Changed his name to Stalin, meaning the “man of steel” in Russian Came from a poor working-class background. Initially trained to be a priest but was drawn into the world of revolutionaries. Read Lenin’s works. Joined the Bolshevik Party around 1902, raiding banks to raise money. Arrested and exiled to Siberia several times between 1902 and 1913, escaping 5 times.

18. Forced Leon Trotsky into exile so he faced no threats Stalin, Lenin’s successor, dramatically transformed the government of the Soviet Union Used tactics to rid himself of any opposition Worked to establish total control over all aspects of life in the Soviet Union Controlled gov’t, economy, aspects of private life

19. Stalin Speaking

21. Trotsky’s grave in Coyoacán, DF, Mexico

22. Ice Axe

23. Totalitarianism is a form of government in which the national government takes control of all aspects of both public and private life

25. Unites people Forces popular support Exercises absolute authority Dominates government Invokes fear to keep control

26. Business Labor Housing Education Religion The arts Personal life Youth groups

27. Where is Lenin’s body today? Under Red Square

28. Who was most qualified to be the next leader of the USSR? Trotsky

29. What did Stalin do to Trotsky? Exiled, then murder him

30. Use one word to describe Totalitarianism: Mr. Robinson’s word: controlling

31. Use of intimidation Censorship Persecution Secret Police Brain wash

32. Demand loyaltyDemand loyalty Denies basic libertiesDenies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the stateExpects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

34. Forced into a specific job and expected to meet quotas Forced into a specific job and expected to meet quotas

35. Food for the state before food for an individual and their family Food for the state before food for an individual and their family

36. Encouraged to expose those who do not follow the rules Encouraged to expose those who do not follow the rules Secret Police Secret Police

37. Brain wash Brain wash Government controlled all education from nursery schools through universities Government controlled all education from nursery schools through universities Trained youths to be future party members Trained youths to be future party members

38. USSR Parade and the Secret Police

39. GULAG-Could be sent to labor camps at any moment even if no crime was committed GULAG-Could be sent to labor camps at any moment even if no crime was committed

40. Particular obstructive workers who refuse to submit to disciplinary measures will be subject, as non- workers, to discharge and confinement in concentration camps. —Vladimir Lenin, Decree of November 14th, 1919

41. Life in a gulag

44. Prisoner labor at a gulag

45. Religion is not allowed, Communism is your religion Religion is not allowed, Communism is your religion Ethnic and religious persecution Ethnic and religious persecution NO RELIGION NO RELIGION STALIN IS GOD STALIN IS GOD

46. Strict censorship Strict censorship Personal messages are not private Personal messages are not private Government controlled all newspapers, radio broadcasts, cinema, literature and art Government controlled all newspapers, radio broadcasts, cinema, literature and art

47. Stalin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related Friends Friends –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc XuM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc XuMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc XuM Animal Farm Comparison Animal Farm Comparison http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~sbennet3/mea d/lessonplans/animalfarm.htm

49. Stalin imposed control over the economy. Goals of five-year plans –Build heavy industry –Improve transportation –Increase farm output Command economy: government officials make all basic economic decisions Joseph Stalin

50. Oil, coal, and steel production grew. Standard of living remained low as did wages. Workers not allowed to strike Central planning often inefficient – consumer products scarce (clothing, cars, etc.)

56. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_DaMKUP3Og http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_DaMKUP3Og capitalism

57. "To whom goes all national profits? In the CCCP, to the workers."

58. Government control of agriculture Collectives: large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group State set prices and access to supplies Peasants who did not want to give up their land resisted the collectives. “Love Your Motherland”

59. Stalin blamed kulaks, wealthy farmers, for resistance – killed or sent to labor camps Peasants rebelled by growing only enough food for themselves. In response, Stalin took their food to meet “industrial goals” = Terror Famine "We farmers, on the basis of complete collectivization, will liquidate the kulaks as a class."

60. Confiscating hidden grain

62. Corpses of starved peasants in the Soviet Ukraine

63. Victim of famine

64. Child victim of famine

69. Some turned to cannibalism to survive http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=IfVq3ET- uDA

70. Crimes against humanity Resisters to the regime sent to the Gulag, brutal labor camps Great Purge: Stalin cracked down on Old Bolsheviks and others who didn’t support him, putting them on trial and sending them to the Gulag Millions died

72. Annual average temperature about 0 °C (32 °F) and roughly −15 °C With a lowest record temperature of −96.2 °F has the distinction of being the coldest town on Earth.

75. Have you ever been late to work? In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be sent to the Gulag for three years. Have you ever told a joke about a government official? In the Stalin era, many were sent to the Gulag for up to 25 years for telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party official. If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left in a field after harvest? In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the Gulag for up to ten years for such petty theft.

77. Maria Tchebotareva Trying to feed her four hungry children during the massive 1932-1933 famine, the peasant mother allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former field—confiscated by the state as part of collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to ten years in the Gulag. When her sentence expired in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the war in 1945. After her release, she was required to live in exile near her Gulag camp north of the Arctic Circle, and she was not able to return home until 1956, after the death of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never found her children after her release.

80. Ivan Burylov Seeking the appearance of democracy, the Soviet Union held elections, but only one Communist Party candidate appeared on the ballot for each office. Fear of punishment ensured that nearly all Soviet citizens “voted” by taking their ballot and ceremoniously placing it into a ballot box. In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a beekeeper, protested this absurd ritual by writing the word “Comedy” on his “secret” ballot. Soviet authorities linked the ballot to Burylov and sentenced him to eight years in camps for this “crime.”

83. Attempted to brainwash through the use of radio, movies, & schools Attempted to brainwash through the use of radio, movies, & schools Censorship controlled books, music, and art Censorship controlled books, music, and art Attempted to show Soviet life in a positive light to promote communism Attempted to show Soviet life in a positive light to promote communism

84. Soviet Propaganda Poster “Look Me in the Eyes and Tell Me Honestly: Who is your friend? Who is your enemy? You have no friends among capitalists. You have no enemies among the workers. Only in a union of the workers of all nations will you be victorious over capitalism and liberated from exploitation. Down with national antagonisms! Workers of the world unite!”

88. Strengthen hold on people’s minds by destroying their religious faith Atheism, the belief that there is no god, was the state policy. Replaced religion with Communist ideology (“sacred” text: Marx and Lenin’s writings, shrine: Lenin’s tomb, religious icons: portraits of Stalin)

94. Stalin not only eliminated people who spoke out against the Communist Party’s policies… …he also worked to erase any traces that they even existed in the first place.

97. Is This Really Communism? Communism PeasantsCommunistsMilitary leadersBusiness managers Soviet Society Under Stalin Communists Military leaders Business managers Peasants

98. Soviet Society BenefitsDrawbacks  Free schooling  Programs outside of school (sports)  Free medical care  Inexpensive housing  Public recreation  Taught communist values (atheism, glory of collective farming, love of Stalin)  Housing scarce  Most food in short supply

99. What is the most effective way to brain wash society? In elementary school

100. What do you think was the worst hardship that the people of the USSR faced? ???

101. Why did Stalin tap phones and read mail? To make people afraid to protest

102. Why did Stalin outlaw religion? He didn’t want any competition.

103. Were Stalin’s Five Year Plans successful? Yes, but at a great cost to human life.

104. How did Stalin attempt to increase farming production? Collective farms: he moved Russians onto huge farms against their will.

105. What impact did the Great Purge have on the Russian people? Millions of Russians were murdered or jailed.

106.  An allegory for the Russian Revolution and Soviet Communism.

107.  Czar Nicolas II  Karl Marx/Lenin  Communism  Trotsky  Joseph Stalin  Propaganda Department  Secret Police (Cheka)  Selfish people of Russia  Dedicated worker, but tricked by Communism  Skeptical people in and out of Russia