1. Networks and EMS (NES) Roadmap Navy EW and Cyber Convergence 2011 DoD Spectrum Workshop
16 DEC 11 1

2. Senior leaders understand the risks and challenges
Call to Action
"In the next two decades, the [electromagnetic] environment may become our most critical warfighting arena. Control of information -- much of it through the EM spectrum -- is already growing more important than control of territory in modern warfare.“
- ADM Jonathan Greenert, CNO, 10 October 2011
“The future Fleet will maintain our current advantages in the electromagnetic spectrum and cyberspace, but will fully operationalize them as warfighting domains.”
- CNO, Navy 2025: Forward Warfighters, Proceeding Magazine, Dec 2011
From the Navy 2025: Forward Warfighter – Dec 2011
Additional Quotes:
"Mastering the Electromagnetic Domain", the CNO discusses: "Electronic warfare (EW) and cyber operations are increasingly essential to defeating the sensors and command and control (C2) that underpin an opponent's A2/AD capabilities. If the adversary is blinded or unable to communicate, he cannot aim long-range ballistic and cruise missiles or cue submarines and aircraft. Today, Navy forces focus on deconflicting operations in the electromagnetic spectrum or cyber domains. (I READ THAT AS AESOP) By 2025, the Fleet will fully operationalize those domains, more seamlessly managing sensors, attacks, defense, and communications, and treating EW and cyber environments as "maneuver spaces" on par with surface, undersea, or air.") (I READ THAT AS RTSO).
“Cyberspace will be operationalized with capabilities that span the electromagnetic spectrum – providing superior awareness and control when and where we need it.”
- CNO’s Sailing Directions, SEP 2011
Senior leaders understand the risks and challenges

3. Enabling the Information Dominance Vision
Support the Information Dominance Vision with a single unified information environment across tactical, operational and strategic-level spectrum management and networks to assure the commander and warfighter get the right information at the right time
Key features of NES approach:
Assured C2 of existing networks and communication infrastructure
Phased approach to automated, real-time spectrum operations
Network architecture and data strategy that establishes the grid
Enterprise services that facilitate information discovery and sharing
Authorities, oversight, standards and training that instill unity of command
We are an enabling Roadmap that fully supports the Information Dominance Vision as stated in the May 2010 Document released by VADM Dorsett. Our key approaches and solutions detailed within this roadmap include:
Assured Command and Control (C2) of our existing networks and communication infrastructure to guarantee operational success now and in the future
Authorities, oversight, and standards that instill unity of command and effort in delivering a common enterprise vision for Navy networks, information, and Cyber dominance
Techniques, tactics, procedures, and training to ensure our Information Dominance personnel are effectively organized and aligned, and have the critical skills necessary for mission success
Network architecture and data strategy that establishes the grid and supports the information needs of all mission areas
Enterprise services that facilitate information discovery and sharing, and support the exchange of information with the Department of Defense (DoD), Joint, Coalition, Intelligence Community (IC), Federal, Civil, and Non-Government Organization (NGO) partners.

4. The Hidden Problem Obscured EMI Impacts
Ship operator assumes system 100% capable
Actual System Operational Capability
No Detection FWD
SHIP
SHIP
SHIP
REALITY
SHIP
Hidden problem…
Assumes 100% sensor coverage, when in fact detection range and sensor coverage is reduced because of EMI. This is unknown to operator and ship.
No Detection Range
Lost Detection Range
Detection Range:
XX nautical miles, full 360 degrees
Goal: Make the Assumption the Reality

5. NES Wholeness / Integration
Networks
Decision
Superiority
(Capstone Strategy)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Integrated Targeting and Fire Control (ISS, ITC2, Air Roadmaps)
Ballistic Missile Defense
Undersea Dominance
Information in Warfare
Touch Points to all Roadmaps:
Network Management
Transport Grid
Common Connectivity Bus
Agile Routing
Fleet Network Operations Center Afloat
Net-Centric Enterprise Services
Mobile GIG Entry Points
DoD IT Enterprise Strategy
Touch Points to all Roadmaps:
Congressional Inventory
National Broadband Plan
Assured Spectrum Access
Real Time Spectrum Ops
Improve SPY-1 Interoperability
Linkage to NTAs
Denied Environments
World Radio Conference agenda items (ex., UAS Allocation, HF Radars)
Spectrum Warfare (Cyber, EW Roadmaps)
Information as Warfare
Maritime Domain Awareness
Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR, UxS Roadmaps)
Understanding the Environment and Precision Nav and Timing (Battlespace on Demand)
Battlespace Awareness
Networks and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
(CSN, EMS Usage Roadmaps)
Information Backbone

6. NES Vision and Goals
Develop and establish a complete portfolio of reliable, highly-interoperable network and electromagnetic spectrum capabilities
Manage through a flexible, dynamic information grid that maximizes the ability of the warfighter to access, maneuver, and achieve decision superiority in, A2AD, benign, degraded and denied environments
Links to NES and Spectrum Maps

7. NES Overarching View As-Is 2011
A2AD Event / Contested or Denied
NMCI
NOC
Cyber
Nodes
GIG
USW
PED
NCTS
FLT NOC
Teleports
Shore
MOC
Shore Sites C2, Cyber, NETOPS, INTEL, PED, Maintenance, Logistics, HM&E, Medical, Admin/Personnel, Legal, MWR
EVENT
Space
Air
Surface
Sub-Surface
In the As-Is (2011) Navy network environment, the only viable, high-bandwidth, over-the-horizon transport option for connecting units at the tactical edge is through the Space layer
In addition, physical and logical connections between shipboard networks and the antenna suites are sub-optimal
Point-to-point satellite communication links terminate at fixed Teleport, Standard Tactical Entry Points (STEPs), and Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station (NCTS) sites, which are the only GIG entry points available to most of the naval forces at the tactical edge
Bandwidth and spectrum allocation are manually assigned to units based on a set of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)-prioritized roles and missions. The current process for satellite asset request is also very time- consuming (approximately 30 days).
If the Space layer is unavailable, LOS communications relays through surface, sub-surface, or air layers must support the transport requirement. In the As-Is (2010) environment, LOS relays require specialized communications relay platforms.
Point-to-point comms, specialized comms relays, reliance on Space Layer for connection to GIG, platforms are degraded 7

8. NES Overarching View To-be Vision 2025
A2AD Event / Contested or Denied
Space
Shore Sites C2, Cyber, NETOPS, INTEL, PED, Maintenance, Logistics, HM&E, Medical, Admin/Personnel, Legal, MWR
Space
Air
Surface
GIG Entry Points
EVENT
Sub-Surface
The CSN roadmap vision for 2025 is a tactical edge where every node connects to the grid, and every node supports and extends the grid
Mobile GIG entry points support full spectrum connection of nodes at the tactical edge to C2 Rear
The transport layer allows users to reach into the GIG for required information regardless of where it resides
Automatic and adaptive monitoring and management of the network ensures effective and efficient operation to diagnose problems and make repairs as needed. The communications grid will react to changes in the operational environment (such as connect, disconnect, segregate, and modify) to support the execution of multiple simultaneous Navy missions globally
The flexible grid leverages commercial transport and technologies as available. The cell tower at the ashore entry point illustrates commercial connection to the GIG
We also plan to take advantage of shore -based transport and storage tied to the planned IC cloud
Shore
MOC
Terrestrial Grid
Mobile, Ad-hoc, Multi-Spectrum Grid
Global Information Grid
Every node connects to the Grid, every node supports the Grid, Platforms have full combat capability

9. Real-Time Spectrum Operations (RTSO)
TODAY
INCR. 1
INCR. 2
INCR. 3
Man in the Loop
(MIL)
Minutes
Man on the Loop
(MOL)
Seconds
Combat Systems (MIL)
LOS COMMS (MOL)
Machine to Machine (M2M)
Milliseconds
RTSO enables interoperable Core Capabilities
So what do we want to do with RTSO…-- provide EME/Spectrum sensing, machine-to-machine automated spectrum deconfliction and overall spectrum utilization & management in a real-time environment.
Where we want to get to… -- operationalize spectrum management, spectrum operations, and make spectrum access dynamic in nature to seamlessly manage all sensors and communications systems, creating a “maneuver space” on par with surface, undersea, and air.
FY14-18 Initial Capability (INCR 1)
Spectrum Awareness: Most High-Value Antenna Systems.
Feedback: Operator recvs recommend actions to Combat OPS
Control: Semi-Automatic (Man on the Loop)
FY17-21 Capability (INCR 2)
Spectrum Awareness for > 75 % of all Antenna Systems
Control: Automatic – COMMS, Semi Auto Combat Systems
FY20-25 Capability (INCR 3)
Spectrum Awareness for 100 % of all Antenna Systems
Feedback: Awareness of actions being taken
Control: Fully Automated Control, machine to machine, Observe, Orient, Decide & Act Capability
Talk to RTSO lab demo with SPAWAR Atlantic this week to demonstrate Aesop and ARC/XCAFE interoperability
Also RTSO INCR 1 shipboard demo planned for later in FY12 to provide Spectrum Dependant System Status/Health and referee Rx. Also developing Spectrum Operations Transition Plan to move from Static to Real-time C2 and Management of Spectrum.
EW IPCL – Spectrum Mgmt and RTSO specifically called out.
ARC = Automated Radio Communications – provides migration path to an automated radio room
XCAFE = eXtensible Communications Automation Framework – provides communication Mgmt & Control solutions and integrates mgmt of RF Comms and Networks
AESOP = Afloat Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations Program
COMUSFLTFORCOM – 2011 Fleet EW Integrated Prioritized Capabilities List (IPCL)
Specifically highlights Spectrum Management and Real-Time Spectrum Operations (RTSO) concept development as a priority.

10. National Broadband Plan (NBP) Spectrum Bands Being Considered (Goal #2: ASA)
Band MHz
Reallocation Impacts
Key Navy and DOD Systems
Other Federal Users
406.1 – 420
Non-Tactical Land Mobile Radio Systems
DOC, DHS, GSA, DOJ
(1370 – 1390)
Long Range Search Radars, Range Data Links, Cobra Dane, Tactical Comms (SRC-57 / MRC-142) Lightweight Counter Mortar Radar (Army), GPS
FAA, DHS, NSF, TVA, NASA
1675 – 1695
(Fast Track 1695 – 1710)
Meteorological Satellite (GOES) downlinks and Radiosondes
DOC, NOAA, NASA
Space Ground Link Subsystem (SGLS uplink); UAVs – Pointer, Raven, others; Tactical Comms (HCLOS, DWTS, SRC-57); Air Combat Training Systems; Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs); Sustaining Base Operations
DOJ, DOA, DOC, DHS, DOE, FAA, DOI, NASA, TVA, NSF, VA, HUD
DOJ, DOA, AID, DOC, DHS, DOE, EPA, FAA, HHS, HUD, DOI, OPM
2200 – 2290
Missile telemetry, Airborne telemetry, Space Ground Link Subsystem (SGLS downlink)
DOA, DOC, DHS, GSA, DOI, DOT, DOJ
2700 – 2900
Ground and Maritime Air surveillance radars, future Navy radars
FAA, NOAA, DOE
Ground penetrating and weather radars, Maritime Navigational radars, future Navy radars (BMD)
NOAA, DOE
DDG/CG Aegis SPY-1 Weapon System (Radar and Missile guidance); Army Fire Finder counter battery radar; Airborne radar; future Navy radars (BMD)
DOE
3500 – 3650 MHz
(Fast Track 3550 – 3650)
Airborne Station Keeping Equipment, Shipboard Air Traffic Control radar, future Navy radars (BMD)
Radar altimeters on all DOD aircraft , PGMs, and large UAVs
FAA, DOI, DHS #
Band Study
Prioritizations 3 4 L
Low - Reallocation
Impacts minimal 2
NTIA Top
Priority Bands 1 M
Medium - Reallocation
Impacts significant
The MHz and MHz bands have been prioritized as the initial 10 year focus by NTIA, OMB and the White House for the 10 year plan.
This band has been prioritized for evaluation first.
SECDEF and Director National Intelligence concur. Direction to be provided that no new funding will be provided for reallocation assessments.
Latest information from the PPSG, MHz band or MHz band with unlicensed users with a look at MHz band, particularly the lower 25 MHz. H
High - Reallocation
Impacts Critical, band
should not be pursued 6 5
Reallocation impacts determined by OPNAV, Fleet, and PEO leads 10

11. Hard to define new things with old language
Lexicon Challenges
Conventional Wisdom
Cyber is IP based communications
EW is radars and missile seekers
SIGINT is communications signals
Electromagnetic spectrum = RF only
Cyberspace is a domain
Hard to define new things with old language

12. Common understanding and application of terminology
The Lexicon Matters...
- Cyber is the language of the 21st Century, but have we got the terminology correct?
-- What is “cyber”? Where does it begin and end? Is it really the domain, or is the EMS the “domain”?
-- The EMS is more than just RF, and underpins cyberspace. It’s the physical environment in which cyberspace exists.
- When we talk convergence, convergence of what?
-- Technological convergence between wired, wireless and optical?
-- Operational employment of EW and cyber capabilities? EA and CNA -- OCO and ES -- SIGINT and CNE
Common understanding and application of terminology

13. Defensive Cyber Operations Fires through the EMS from Navy
Concept
CYBER
DOD GIG Operations
Defensive Cyber Operations
Fires through the EMS from Navy
platforms
Convergence
Offensive Cyber Operations
Electronic Attack
Electronic Support
Fires –use of weapon
systems to create a specific lethal or nonlethal effect
on a target.
Electronic Protect EW
Operational Fires in the Electromagnetic Spectrum

14. Operational Fires in the EMS
Targeting/Counter Targeting
C2/Counter C2
Delivery/Counter delivery
Real Time Spectrum Ops
EW Battle Management
Ships
Aircraft
SpecWar
Submarines
Navy provides tactical entry points to the EMS for a variety of missions

15. Electronic & Cyber Warfare Plan
Modernize and converge
Electronic & Cyber Warfare (E/CW) to influence, control, and when needed, fight and win in the EMS
Investing for near-term E/CW capability & long term capacity
Fielding capabilities for “fires” through the EMS
Providing E/CW readiness
The plan is to provide C&EW capabilities that focus on adversary C5I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Combat Systems and Intelligence) and our ability to affect it – while defending our own.
We are shaping an information-centric Naval Force with 21st century CSEW capability
Taking advantage of cyberspace, and electromagnetic spectrum to develop a deeper understanding of adversaries
Provide systems that preserve our WARFIGHTING advantages with cyber defense and electronic countermeasures
Expand offensive non-kinetic warfighting options for use across the range of Navy missions – from subtle deception to total denial
The challenge is to get in front of adversaries instead of chasing technology and techniques – we need to “shoot ahead of the target”
Integrate tech wisely and quickly, converge where possible (ex: antennas such as Integrated Topside antenna (INTOP))
Right info, right time, right place, right form. Field fully netted C&EW capabilities to include cloud-based initiatives
Leverage people and their skills wisely. Increase focus on unmanned and remote systems
Develop a climate of shared innovation with labs, agencies, industry and academia
Our end-state provides warfighters the means to take away an adversary’s information advantage while securing our own – making information a “main battery” in meeting Navy and joint missions.
Building the ECW future for operating in the information environment

16. Achieving Convergence
- Workforce adjustments required:
Historically, EW and CNO were separate and distinct skill sets.
What’s the future? EW and cyberspace operations still separate, but less distinct?
- TTP development needed
- EW systems used for cyber mission
Surface EW systems such as SSEE-F are “cyber” ready
- Changes to roles and missions
Move beyond current focus on NETOPS/CND
- Authorities and governance need revision
EW can enable unique cyber “non-kinetic fires”
- Implications for Navy’s Title 10 Man, Train and Equip responsibility
EW-Cyber convergence for all phases of warfighting and mission areas