1. P OETRY T ERMS Ms. Mathews English 9H

2. T YPES OF P OEMS

3. V ERSE Rhymed Verse the most commonly used form of verse generally has an end rhyme Blank Verse generally identified by a regular meter, but no end rhyme Free Verse usually defined as having no fixed meter and no end rhyme

4. E XAMPLE OF R HYMED V ERSE I wandered lonely as a cloud: That floats on high o'er vales and hills When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. -William Wordsworth

5. E XAMPLE OF B LANK V ERSE In Mathematics, Woman leads the way: The narrow-minded pedant still believes That two and two make four! Why, we can prove, We women-household drudges as we are- That two and two make five-or three-or seven; Or five-and-twenty, if the case demands! -Anonymous

6. E XAMPLE OF F REE V ERSE I remember the days of dreamings, From where in the world so much knowledges, And thoughts of wonderful and funs. But however life walks ahead, And ideas are unavailing aloud, When around so many flies. Concealed after the masks of sorrow. -Anonymous

7. N ARRATIVE Tells a story Includes the following elements: Characters Setting Plot Point of View All the elements combine to form a theme Example: The Odyssey

8. B ALLAD Tells a story Meant to be sung or recited Typically depict ordinary people in the midst of tragic events or adventures of love and bravery Example: “The Ballad of Birmingham”

9. L YRIC A short poem in which the speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings Most poems, with the exception of narratives, are lyric poems Cover many subjects, from love to death to everyday experiences Example: “Theme for English B” by Langston Hughes

10. E PIC A long narrative poem about the adventures of a hero whose actions reflect the ideals and values of a nation or race Address universal concerns, such as: Good and evil Life and death Sin and redemption Example: The Odyssey

11. S ONNET A lyric poem of 14 lines Most common is the Shakespearean sonnet made up of three quatrains (four line units) and a final couplet has a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg Example: “Sonnet 140” by William Shakespeare

12. P OETIC E LEMENTS

13. A NALOGY A point-by-point comparison between two things that are alike in some respect Are often used in nonfiction, when an unfamiliar subject or idea is explained in terms of a familiar one

14. R HYME The occurrence of a similar or identical sound at the ends of two or more words Example: suite, heat, complete Internal rhyme Occurs within the line End rhyme Occurs at the end of the line Slant rhyme Also called approximate or near rhyme Occurs when the sounds are not quite identical Example: care and dear

15. R HYME E XAMPLES Internal Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping External Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King's horses, And all the King's men Couldn't put Humpty together again ! Slant I sat in the dark nursing my broken heart.

16. M ETER The regular pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a line of poetry

17. R HYTHM Refers to the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

18. T ONE The attitude a writer takes towards a subject Reflects the feelings of the writer

19. O XYMORON A figure of speech that combines contradicting words Examples: Bitter sweet Forward retreat Serious joke Deafening silence

20. A LLITERATION The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words Example using the h sound: “The angels, not h alf so h appy in H eaven, Went envying h er and me;” -Edgar Allan Poe, from “Annabel Lee”

21. H YPERBOLE The use of exaggeration May be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression Not meant to be taken literally Examples: I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse! That bag weighs a ton.