1. Bell Work
Can you answer this riddle? Write your best guess in your notebook.
A young lady looked at a picture and said “this person’s mother was my mothers mother-in-law.” Who is in the picture?

2. Consider… Are people good or bad by nature?
You must choose one: good or bad
Have 1 example to support your reasoning
Prepare to share 

3. Other opinions… Thomas Hobbes John Locke Magna Carta
Iroquois Confederacy

4. Hobbes thinks we’re Horrible
Thomas Hobbes
State of Nature: People left by themselves will destroy each other.
Best form of Government: Absolute Monarchy
Divine Right: Monarch is given power by God
State of Nature: how people will act with no government to tell them what to do

5. Locke thinks we’re Lovely
John Locke
State of Nature: People will support each other.
Natural Rights: Pursue Life, Liberty and Property
Best form of Government: Social Contract
People agree to give up a little freedom to have their rights protected
Government is given power by the people

6. Magna Carta King John Rebel Barons 2 key phrases:
"No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, deceased, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will We proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land.”
"To no one will We sell, to no one will We deny or delay, right or justice."

7. Iroquois Confederacy

8. Bell Work
Please answer the following questions about the Iroquois confederacy
Why was it created?
What did it do?
What did we take from it, what didn’t we use?

9. Consider…
What were 3 complaints colonists had about King George the turd… I mean the 3rd?

10. Declaration of Independence
Listed Colonists’ problems with the King of England
Examples?
Taxation without representation
Not allowing a trial by jury
Putting soldiers in colonists’ homes
Blocking colony growth

11. 1st Rulebook… The Articles of Confederation
Confederation = states retain their sovereignty (in other words they are their own nation) but work together to deal with certain issues.

12. Now… Please take out your “Articles of Confederation” reading
Find 3 other students who read different sections of the Articles
#1 read – state independence, relationship between the states
#2 read – representation in congress, preparing for war
#3 read – Powers of congress
#4 read – Canada, debts of congress, pledge and conclusion
Share the powers you found for State and Congress
You should have 12 STATE powers
9 CONGRESSIONAL
Prepare to share your answers with the whole class

13. Bell Work
Please show Mrs. V your T chart of State and Congressional powers so she can give you points.

14. The Articles of Confederation
Powers of the States
Powers of Congress
State Governmental Powers
Taxation
All powers not delegated to the national government
Each state had its own judicial system
Power to collect taxes
Power to enforce laws passed by Congress
National Governmental Powers
Limited powers
One branch of government – a legislature which carried out both legislative and executive functions
Power to petition or ask the states for money
To have embassies and receive ambassadors
To make and wage war
Appoint ambassadors
To enter into treaties
Establish maritime courts
Authority to settle border disputes between states
Regulate trade with Indian tribes
Set up post offices and charge postage
Appoint officers to the army and navy

15. Bell Work:
Please copy the powers given to States and Congress under the Articles of Confederation into your “T” chart.
Powers of the States
Powers of Congress
Sovereignty over their own affairs
Any power not given to Congress is given to them
Print money
They can defend themselves and each other against attack without permission from Congress
Their decisions will be respected by other states (Courts)
Decide how their government representatives are chosen
Each state has 1 vote in congress no matter their size
Choose their own militia officers
Decide how they want to collect money from citizens
9 out of 13 states must agree before Congress can make any decisions about money
States can decide if Canada or other colonies can enter the union
All states must agree to any changes to the articles
Make peace and War
Receive and send ambassadors
Decide value of coins/print money
Make decisions on trade and Indians but can’t infringe on a state’s right in that area
Can choose officers of army but can’t keep a standing army
Appoint a president for a 1 yr term
Make decision about money with the permission of 9/13 states but can’t force states to pay a tax
Will pay the debts
Must approve of changes to the Articles
State Governmental Powers
Taxation
All powers not delegated to the national government
Each state had its own judicial system
Power to collect taxes
Power to enforce laws passed by Congress
National Governmental Powers
Limited powers
One branch of government – a legislature which carried out both legislative and executive functions
Power to petition or ask the states for money
To have embassies and receive ambassadors
To make and wage war
Appoint ambassadors
To enter into treaties
Establish maritime courts
Authority to settle border disputes between states
Regulate trade with Indian tribes
Set up post offices and charge postage
Appoint officers to the army and navy

16. Question to Consider
What was the mindset of the states when they created the Articles of Confederation?

17. The Articles of Confederation
Strengths
Weaknesses ?
Congress could ask for money but had no power to make the states pay – they often didn’t
1 vote per state no matter the size
No standing army to respond to threats
Each state had their own court no central court system.
Changes to the articles required 100% agreement
Congress had no power to make financial decisions on their own
No real way for Congress to regulate trade or make the states follow their decisions
No central leader
No veto
The Central Government is too weak, the states too strong.
The national government did not have the power to tax. Congress could only ask the states for money, but had no enforcement power to insure compliance with the request.
One vote per state regardless of population.
The national government did not have a system to enforce the decisions of Congress.
No national court system to help interpret laws. Each state maintained its own judicial system.
Amendments allowed only with unanimous consent of the 13 states.
Any decision by the national government that involved money required 9 of the 13 states to ratify it.
The national government was powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce (trade between and among states) even though it had authority to do so. Discuss how the different court systems among the states made this so.

18. Nation fears a 2nd Revolution
Shay’s Rebellion
Massachusetts had high state debt
increased taxes and demanded debt repayment from citizens
Poor economy = farmers couldn’t sell their products
Their request for help was ignored
Led 1,000+ men to overtake the Massachusetts arsenal
Lasted several months
Nation fears a 2nd Revolution

19. Changing the Articles In your groups:
Choose 1 weakness of the Articles
Propose a change to eliminate this weakness
Then answer the following
Does this revision create a new set of problems?
What would a natural rights philosopher (Locke) think of this provision?
How would this provision be evaluated under the social contract theory of government?

20. Consider List the objects and people you see in the cartoon
Identify any symbols you may see
Explain the message of the cartoon
Do you think this is an accurate picture of the Constitutional Convention?

21. NO Bell Work  Agenda Finish Constitutional Convention Activity
Call Mrs. V over when your group has completed the sheet.
REMEMBER: Parent Signature due TODAY.

22. Constitutional Convention 1787
The Delegates
55 men from 12 states
35 were lawyers
12 owned slave plantations
2 were the wealthiest men in the country
It took 3.5 MONTHS

23. 6 Big Questions Do we keep the Articles or create something new?
If we have a single leader, how do we keep them from having too much power?
How do we divide power between national government and the states?
How do we divide power between the states?
Who will make the laws?
Who will vote?

24. Answering the 6 Big Questions
What THEY did
Threw out the Articles wrote Constitution
Strong central government BUT…
Federalism = shared power with the sates through Enumerated, Concurrent, and Reserved Powers
3 Branches with Checks and Balances
President
Commander in Chief BUT army can only be standing for 2 years
Checks from other 2 branches
Congress
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Bicameral Legislature = 2 parts (House and Senate)
Women, children, and slaves count but can’t vote
3/5 Compromise
Men with property can vote
Electoral college chooses president
Popular elections for state leaders and House of representatives
State leaders appoint Senators
Answering the 6 Big Questions

25. Consider…. Choose one of these conflicts from our activity today:
A single leader that won’t become a king.
Representation for large and small states.
Sharing power between national and state governments.
How women, slaves, and children fit into the new government.
Then in 1 paragraph:
Describe the conflict.
Describe how the delegates to the Convention resolved this conflict through compromise.

26. Bell Work
Please copy the following vocab words and their definitions into your notes.
Delegated Powers (aka Enumerated): The powers of National Government specifically written down in the Constitution in Articles I, II, and III.
Example: The power to declare war
Concurrent Powers: Powers held by both the states and the national government.
Example: The power to make laws
Reserved Powers: Powers held only by the states.
Example: State Sales Tax

27. Please finish copying these down into your notes.
What THEY did
Threw out the Articles wrote Constitution
Strong central government BUT…
Federalism = shared power with the sates through Enumerated, Concurrent, and Reserved Powers
3 Branches with Checks and Balances
President
Commander in Chief BUT army can only be standing for 2 years
Checks from other 2 branches
Congress
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Bicameral Legislature = 2 parts (House and Senate)
Women, children, and slaves count but can’t vote
3/5 Compromise
Men with property can vote
Electoral college chooses president
Popular elections for state leaders and House of representatives
State leaders appoint Senators
Please finish copying these down into your notes.

28. Checks and Balances Take out your copy of the Constitution
Highlight the Titles of Articles I, II, and III
Note that they contain the rules that create our system of checks and balances

29. Today’s Agenda Head to the computer lab
Go to: anchesofgovernment/
Watch the video
Answer 1-18 on the worksheet
Complete the Graphic Organizer
#19 on worksheet
Complete the Map
*Hand in when finished – must be completed by Wednesday.*

30. Constitutional Convention
How can we meet our need for a strong leader but not have a dictator?
A question of
Balance

31. Bell Work List the objects and people you see in the cartoon
Identify any symbols you may see
Explain the message of the cartoon

32. 2 types Elections Popular Presidential
Electoral College
(Article II, sect I and 12th Am.)
Popular
If you get the most votes, you win
(Article I, sect II)

33. What is an Electoral District?
A territorial division used to hold elections.
Definition:
Only voters who live in the district can vote in that district.
AKA constituents AKA You 

34. How do they make Districts?
Census
Every 10 years districts change if the population has changed

35. Who are your Popularly Elected Reps?
Who is your state assembly representative?
Who is your state senate representative?
Who are your two Senators?
Who is your Congressman?

36. State Representatives
State Assembly - #26
Smallest District
Mike Endsley
State Senate - #9
3 Assembly Districts Combined
Manty + Calumet + Sheboygan = D 9
Joseph Liebham

37. National Representatives
Senator
Ron Johnson
Herb Kohl
Congressional District - #6
Wisconsin has 8 Congr. Districts
Also for Presidential Elections
Tom Petri

38. How Do I Find This Stuff? Google It “voting districts + WI”
“Who are my representatives + WI”

39. How do I get in on this voting action??
Register!
In person
City Hall
Online
Learn!
Find out what the candidates stand for.
How truthful are they being?
Where do they get their $ from?
Show up!
Find your polling place
If you can’t go on election day you can ABSENTEE VOTE
Forget to register? Don’t worry we’ll let you do that on election day. (bring ID and proof of address)

40. Electoral College Article II, Section I
A state’s number of electors is =
# of reps in the House +
2 Senators
Features
Winner Take All System
270 To Win
There were several times in history where a candidate won the popular vote but not the electoral vote.
2000 Bush v. Gore
State Chart
Map

41. Lets see how it works… Fast forward to November
YOU get to choose the next president!
Check out their Party Platform
Choose the candidate that fits you
Record your vote on your secret ballot and then pass it forward.
Will the electoral college results reflect the popular vote?????

42. Party Platforms Candidate A Candidate B
Would raise taxes on the top 1% and cut taxes for the middle class
Pro Choice
Would keep regulations on business at the same level they are now
Would say that protecting the environment is more important than company profits
Wants to add jobs
Lifetime politician
Would cut taxes for the top 1% but leave taxes the same for the middle class
Pro Life
Would decrease regulations on business
Would say that increasing company profit is more important than protecting the environment
Wants to add jobs
Lifetime politician

43. Electoral College – 1st hr
State and EC Votes
Popular
Candidate A
Candidate B EC
California (55) 4 2 55
Texas (34) 1 34
Wisconsin (10) 3 10
North Dakota (3)
Alaska (3)
Totals (105) 13 5
105 2 4 55 11 7 50 55

44. Electoral College – 4th hr
State and EC Votes
Popular
Candidate A
Candidate B EC
California (55) 11 2 55
Texas (34) 8 1 34
Wisconsin (10) 10
North Dakota (3) 3
Alaska (3)
Totals (105) 23 6
102 6 7 55 18 11 47 58

45. Bell Work Please answer the following in 1 paragraph:
Is the Electoral College a useful way to control the power of the people and stop them from electing a bad leader or is it unnecessary? Should we abolish or keep the electoral college? Why?
Please hand in your answer to the Bell Work AND YOUR checks and balances packet

46. Electoral College – 6th hr
State and EC Votes
Popular
Candidate A
Candidate B EC
California (55) 7 3 55
Texas (34) 4 1 34
Wisconsin (10) 10
North Dakota (3)
Alaska (3)
Totals (105) 16 5
105 4 6 55 13 9 50 55

47. Changing the Constitution: 2 Ways
Propose An Amendment - 2 Ways
Congress or the States can propose.
Both Houses of Congress must propose the amendment with 2/3 vote.
Two-thirds of the State legislatures must call on Congress to hold a Constitutional Convention.
2. Ratify
Regardless of how it is proposed, it must be ratified by the States.
¾ of the State legislatures must approve of the amendment
¾ of the states must approve the amendment at conventions.
Formal = changing the words
There are 27 amendments to the Constitution.
That means the actual contents of the document have changed 27 times in over 200 years!
Look at Constitution, Article V
2 steps – Propose, Ratify
How is this different from the Articles of Confederation?

48. Changing the Constitution: 2Ways
Formal = changing the words
Informal = changing how we think and act
Look at Constitution, Article V
2 steps – Propose, Ratify
Supreme Court Interpretations
Rulings set precedent

49. Happy Friday! Today’s Agenda 
Correct “Checks and Balances” Worksheet
Correct Federalism Article Wksht

50. Checks on Supreme Court
Executive
Appoint/nominate justices
Legislative
Impeach
Approve appointments

51. Please read the statements below and circle whether you Agree or Disagree.
I say:
Statement
The article says:
Agree/Disagree
Corporal punishment should be legal in all schools as a way to punish students.
Corporal Punishment is allowed in most schools in the US.
If I get in trouble at North, I could choose corporal punishment instead of detention.
If a child does something wrong, it is OK for their parents to use corporal punishment.
5. It should be a power of the local community to decide if they will allow corporal punishment in their school.

52. Corporal Punishment

53. Why is corporal punishment allowed in public schools?
Bell Work: please answer the following using your article and notes from yesterday. HOLD ON TO IT!
Why is corporal punishment allowed in public schools?
This is an example of what type of change to the Constitution?
Should an amendment be made to the Constitution banning corporal punishment in schools?
What would need to happen for this to occur?
Was there good medicine for behavioral problems when you were a kid?

54. Consider
What concept from the constitution is cartoon dealing with?

55. National Power Supremacy Clause – Article VI
If a local law conflicts with a national law, national law wins.
Necessary and Proper Clause – Article I, section VIII
Congress can make all laws that are necessary and proper in order to carry out their enumerated powers

56. Who has the power? The Early Years
Articles of Confederation 1781
States have full control
Constitution 1788
States and national gov share control
Civil War
National Government takes more control
14th Amendment 1868 – reduces state power
Citizenship
The due process clause 
The equal protection clause 
Who has the power? The Early Years

57. Who has the power? Post civil war
Industrialization and Globalization (1865–1945)
Industrialization: 
19th century: laissez-faire economic policy
The Great Depression
Stronger regulatory role in the early twentieth century.

58. Who has the power? Post Great Depression
Cooperative Federalism (1945– 1969)
State and national share more and more
New Federalism (1969–present)
National Government is too powerful

59. Read the article and answer:
Compare and Contrast
New Federalism
Dual Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
How do categorical grants allow the national government to tell states what to do?
How do block grants return power to the states?
Why is the legal drinking age 21?
Arguments over Federalism are really arguments over_______________.
Choose one of these other Federalism dilemmas:
Abortion
Marijuana use (medical or recreational)
Doctor assisted suicide
Gay Marriage
Then Answer:
Which level of government should set the policy for this issue? Why are they the best level to deal with it?
If it were up to you, what policy would you create for this issue? Why would you handle this issue in this way?
Read the article and answer:

60. Bell Work
Directions: Write an answer to the following in your notebook and hold on to it:
Should a voter care about a candidate’s race, religion, income or level of education when deciding who to vote for?
Why or why not?

61. Directions You will be assigned either argument A or argument B
Read through the argument assigned to you and fill in your chart accordingly

62. A battle over principles
Federalists
Anti Federalists
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay – all published The Federalist Papers
Property owners, landed rich merchants in Northern states
Believed in elitism. Saw themselves and those of their class as most fit to govern
Powerful central government. 2- house legislature, with one house (Senate) being more removed from the people, whom they generally distrusted.
Thomas Jefferson, Melancton Smith
Small farmers, shopkeepers, laborers
Believed in the decency of the common man and in participatory democracy. Viewed elites as corrupt. Sought greater protection of individual rights
Wanted stronger state government at he expense of the federal. Frequent elections, smaller districts, more direct democracy.

63. Bill of Rights The Deal is Done
Washington suggests adding a list through the amendment process
Constitution ratified in 1788
BOR officially added to the constitution in 1791

64. Bell Work Make sure you have these written down:
The first 10 minutes of class will be set aside for you to study (by yourself or with a partner)
Feel free to look through this PowerPoint for info you may have missed.
Make sure you have these written down:
The First 10 Amendments
1st = Freedom of speech, religion, and assembly
2nd= right to keep a weapon
3rd= troops can’t be kept in your home
4th= proper searches and seizures
5th= rights of an accused person
6th= right to a speedy trial
7th= right to a trial by jury
8th= No cruel and unusual punishment
9th= the constitution should not be used to take rights away from the people (just because a right isn’t listed does NOT mean it doesn’t exist)
10th= any powers not given to the national government are given to the states

65. Did the Anti-Federalist vision come true?
Is our government representation matched up with the country as a whole?

66. Income

67. How Do They Stack Up?

68. How Do They Stack Up?

69. Homework
Study Up!

70. Constitutional Convention
How can we meet our need for a strong central government but make sure the states still have power?
A question of
Federalism
What is an example of a State and a National Power?