1. Urbanization in South America

2. Questions

3. Identifications Caral & Chavin Style Moche Valley Pyramid of the Sun Metallurgy Nazca Lines Paracas Culture The Inca Empire Mit’a labor system Quipu Quechua

4. Figure 6-4 p172 South America Caral Moche Inka

5. key cultures Paracas3500 B.C. - 0 Chavin3500 B.C. - 0 Nasca100 A.D. – 800 A.D. Mochica2000 A.D. – 800 A.D. Tiahuanaco500 A.D. – 900 A.D. Wari 500 A.D. – 900 A.D Lambayeque 900 A.D. – 1300 A.D Chimu900 A.D. – 1500 A.D Inka1200 A.D. – 1533 A.D

6. Caral & Chavin Style 3500 BCE – 200 BCE

7. Chavin 1200-200 BCE – Chavin de Hauntar Largest Ceremonial Center * Pantheon of Gods (Polytheistic) carvings and paintings that included jaguar like humans with serpents for hair, eagles, cayman’s, many animal-human figures

8. Moche Valley 2,000 BCE – 800 CE Sophisticated Irrigation systems in an arid environment Urban Center – 10,000 people 2 adobe pyramids Monuments and tombs Artwork

9. p174 Pyramid of the Sun, Moche

10. Stone & Ceramic figurines Ceramic figurine with a Fish, Moche

11. Condor Ear flares, Moche Metallurgy

12. Gold Headdress, Moche

13. Copper Funerary Mask, Moche

14. Shrimp Nose Ornament, Moche

15. Fine Line illustration from ceramic, Moche

16. Ceramic Captive with rope around neck. Moche.

17. Ceramic, Ritual Boat, Moche

18. p173

19. 2000 BCE Ocean travel & Trade 2,000 miles away Jewelry, Beads and Metal goods

20. Tiwanaku, Huari, Nazca Lake Titicaca – SE end of the lake was the city of Tiwanaku (la Paz today), the capital of the region. Bordered Peru and Bolivia, 20,000 people When The Chavin collapsed the Huari and Nazca kept alive its administrative and religious practices.

21. p175 Nasca 300 – 800AD Wari/Huari 500 – 1000CE Chimor 1100 – 1400 CE

22. p176 Paracas culture (200 B.C.E. – 500 C.E.)

23. Ceramic Supernatural Winged figure, Huari

24. Feather Pathway to Sun

25. Sun Serpent, Huari

26. Gold Vase & Silver Warrior

27. Gold and silver ear plugs, Chimu

28. Pelican feather tunic Chimu

29. Funeral Procession Model, Chancay, or Chimu

30. Silver Nose Adornment, Chimu

31. Double Walled Beaker, Lambayeque, Sican/Chimu

32. Litter Back, Chimu

33. Beaker used in ritual context, Chimu

34. Deer Vessel, Chimu

35. Piper vessel Chimu, North Coast

36. Outstretched Figure Vessel, Chimu

37. Chan Monumental capital 10 royal compounds from which each king ruled in life and was buried in at death.

38. p175

39. Figure 6-5 p176

40. Inca Empire The five states of Chimu, Chavin, Tiwanaku, Huari and Nazca formed the foundations for the Incan Empire 2,000 mil north to south 200 miles inland 1476-1534 Capital of Cuzco

41. Road System 25,000 miles of road systems coast to mountains, sometimes paved, - tunnels - causeways - suspension bridges - travel lodges - storage places Mit’a labor system - contribution of labor each year all adults

42. p178

43. Machu Picchu The citadel

45. Planned Empire Empire of the Jaguar Cuzco the Tail Machupiccu the Eye

47. The Inca Trail – Suspension Bridge

49. Intipunko or Sun Gate

51. Court Theater Tragedy and Comedy Poetry Music

52. Amautas or high ranked teachers quarters were refined structures.

53. Hitching Post of the Sun

54. Huayna Picchu Peak

55. First Inca 1438 Cusi Yupanqui crowned Inca, or king emperor, Shereditary monarchy – Quipu or abacus like system of numerical recording for administrative records of the empire – Conquered region / 200,000 man army – Administrative center, tax collectors, 2/3 crops and manufactured products such as beer and textiles ½ went to the state and the other to gods and priests. Quechua – lingua Franca

56. Standardization State workshops Standardization of products Produce official consumer goods

57. Ceramic Imperial Style Inca

58. Religion Sun god was the chief deity, emperor a descendent Nobility – military god Viracocha People had own indigenous spirits as well as the newer son god Encouraged different gods and worship for different people

59. Female Figure Inca

60. Urbanization in North America

61. Questions Where were a few of the major cultural complexes and urban centers in North America? What was unique about each complex?

62. Identifications Hohokam Land Reclaimationists Mississippian Culture Cahokia Ancient Puebloan Peoples Pueblo Bonita

63. Figure 6-6 p179

64. Southwest American Civilization Western North America – Anasazi – Ancient Puebloan Peoples – Hohokam – Mogollon – Salado & Sinagua Eastern North America – Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian

65. Hohokam – Canal Builders

66. Hohokam 300 BCE- 1200 CE

67. Ancient Puebloan Peoples Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde

68. p180

69. Eastern Woodlands - Mississippian Culture Hopewell 300 BCE – 600 CE Mississippians descendants Urban & Agricultural centers – Same population as London did in 1200

70. Cahokia Creek near Collinsville, Illinois, At its height, around A.D. 1200

71. Eastern Woodlands Democracy Gender- complimentary society Women – political & economic agency Representative council Confederacy Council of 500

72. p181