1. Watertown City School District Grade 4 Social Studies Test Chapter 8 Part 1 Multiple Choice Part 2 Constructed Response Questions Student Name: School Name: Print your name and the name of your school on the lines above. The test has two parts. Part I contains several multiple-choice questions. Part II consists of several short-answer questions. Write your answers to Part II in this test booklet. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

2. Part I Answer all Questions in this part. 1. In which order, from earliest to latest, did transportation in New York State develop? (A) steamboat automobile train plane (B) steamboat train automobile plane (C) train steamboat plane automobile (D) automobile steamboat plane train Chapter 8 2. The largest increase in the amount of goods shipped on the canal occurred during which 10-year period? (A) 1835 – 1845(C) 1885 - 1895 (B) 1845 – 1855(D) 1905 – 1915 Base your answer to questions 2 on the map below and on your knowledge of Social Studies. 3. Rivers have been important to the development of cities mainly because they have provided (A) a place to swim (C) ways to transport goods and people (B) protection from attacks (D) rich hunting grounds

3. Chapter 8 5. Why was the Erie canal important to the United States? (A) It connected the Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River. (B) It gave immigrants an easier route to New York City. (C) It was supported by Governor De Witt Clinton. (D) It provided an easier, faster, and more direct way to ship goods. 4. After the Erie Canal opened, the cost of shipping freight across New York State fell from $100 per ton to $6 per ton. What is one result of the lowered freight rates? (A) The canal quickly became the most popular way to ship goods. (B) New York State lost business to other states. (C) Farmers still chose to ship their wheat by horse and wagon (D) Passenger travel to the west was discouraged. 6. How did Robert Fulton change travel in the United States? (A) He organized a system of roads. (B) He built the first train. (C) He invented a steamboat. (D) He built a long canal. 7. Which of the following describes the early roads in New York? (A) Most were dirt paths cut through the forests. (B) Most were paved with rock and cement. (C) All were free to use. (D) Most did not allow wagons – only horses and riders.

4. 8. What was the purpose of building locks along the Erie Canal? (A) to keep people out of the canals (B) to move boats higher or lower to meet changing water levels (C) to set up places to collect toll money from boaters (D) to set up places for boaters to rest Chapter 8 9. How did the Industrial Revolution change the way goods were made? (A) New laws controlled how much a factory could produce. (B) People began producing fewer goods. (C) People began making more goods at home by hand. (D) People began to manufacture goods in factories using machines. 10. What is one reason why railroads became more popular than canals for travel and shipping goods? (A) People disliked DeWitt Clinton. (B) Wealthy people preferred railroad travel to canal travel. (C) They were faster. (D) They were cleaner and less noisy.

5. Chapter 8 Part II Directions: Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this test booklet. / 1 11. Using this document, name one change that was made to early Indian paths to turn them into roads. Travel over land was very hard for early settlers. Most of the early roads evolved [were made] from ancient Indian paths that crisscrossed the frontier of old New York. To clear the road, the first task was usually the most difficult. Stumps, boulders, brush, and trees had to be cleared. Usually, this was done entirely by hand or with the help of horses. Once the debris was cleared, leveling began. This was the distinguishing mark of an improved road, separating it from paths for foot travel or animal migration.

6. Chapter 8 Base your answer to question 12 on the words of the song below and on your knowledge of Social Studies. / 3 12. According to this song, which two cities were connected by the Erie Canal? (A) (B) Why might the people on the large barge have to bend down whenever the barge entered a town? (C) State one reason people and goods traveled on the Erie Canal. (D) The Erie Canal I got a mule her name is Sal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal! She’s a good old worker and a good old pal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal! We’ve hauled some barges in our day, Filled with lumber, coal, and hay, and we now ev’ry inch of the way From Albany to Buffalo (chours) Low bridge, ev’rybody down, Low bridge, cause we’re coming to a town, And you’ll always know your neighbor, You’ll always know your pal, If you ever navigated on the Erie Canal. -Thomas S. Allen

7. / 2 13. According to this document, what were the two major advantages that the Erie Canal brought to farmers and businesses in western New York State? (A) (B) Chapter 8 In 1825, the Erie Canal was completed. New York now had a transportation route from the Great Lakes to the Hudson River which led to New York City. The cost of shipping wheat from western New York to New York City dropped from $100 a ton to $5 a ton. It only took nine days to get to New York City by canal, but it took twenty days by horse and wagon.

8. / 4 14. State the time it took to travel 26 miles by railroad and by boat. (A) Railroad (B) Boat Railroads were cheaper to build than canals. They could cross mountains, and they were fast. A journalist noted the time saved on a train trip from Ballston, New York, to Troy, New York, in the 1830’s. This train trip took two hours to travel in 26 miles. If the journalist had taken a boat trip along the Erie Canal, it would have taken six hours to go 26 miles. According to this document, other than being faster, what were two advantages railroads had over canals? (C) (D) Chapter 8

9. / 3 15. Name three improvements the railroad industry had to make for railroads to be used more than canals. (A) (B) Early problems delayed the acceptance of railroads. The first rails, were made of wood covered with a strip of iron, broke frequently under heavy carloads. Soft roadbeds and weak bridges added to the hazards. Still, some believed in the future of train travel. Engineers learned to build sturdier bridges and solid roadbeds. They replaced the wooden rail with a T-shaped cast iron rail. Such improvements make railroad travel safer, faster, and more efficient. Soon, Americans looked hopefully to the railroads as they once had to the canal to ship goods and people. Chapter 8

10. / 1 16. According to this document, why were many early businesses started next to rivers or waterfalls? Many early businesses began near waterfalls. The falls provided waterpower for mills. Sawmills cut logs for lumber. Gristmills ground grain into flour. Chapter 8

11. / 1 17. Which railroad was used for this poster advertising? Chapter 8

12. Name: # Chapter 8 Test- Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Name: # Chapter 8 Test- Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.