1. StLGS presents 1 STAND BY YOUR STATE: RESEARCHING MISSOURI MILITIA SOLDIERS & MILITARY UNITS StLGS presents: Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian Special Collections Department St. Louis Public Library 6 October 2011

2. StLGS presents 2 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri men during the Civil War could serve in three different types of military unit:

3. StLGS presents 3 STAND BY YOUR STATE 1. Military units raised directly by the U.S. or C.S.A. governments (Regulars).

4. StLGS presents 4 STAND BY YOUR STATE 2. Volunteer units raised directly by state governments that were later mustered into federal service.

5. StLGS presents 5 STAND BY YOUR STATE 3. Militia units that were raised and (usually) served on the local level, often in the county where the unit was raised.

6. StLGS presents 6 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many Missouri men served in more than one type of military unit during the Civil War.

7. StLGS presents 7 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many men initially served in short-term militia units (90-day wonders).

8. StLGS presents 8 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many then enlisted in a longer-term militia unit or a state volunteer unit.

9. StLGS presents 9 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missourians with Southern sympathies often joined the Missouri State Guard (Confederate militia) in 1861.

10. StLGS presents 10 STAND BY YOUR STATE State Guard members typically served terms of 3-6 months.

11. StLGS presents 11 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many then joined Confederate State volunteer regiments from:

12. StLGS presents 12 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many then joined Confederate State volunteer regiments from: Missouri;

13. StLGS presents 13 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many then joined Confederate State volunteer regiments from: Missouri; Arkansas;

14. StLGS presents 14 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many then joined Confederate State volunteer regiments from: Missouri; Arkansas; Kentucky;

15. StLGS presents 15 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many then joined Confederate State volunteer regiments from: Missouri; Arkansas; Kentucky; and Tennessee.

16. StLGS presents 16 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Confederate soldiers were eligible to receive a post-war pension regardless of type of military unit served in.

17. StLGS presents 17 STAND BY YOUR STATE Confederate pensions were paid by the state he lived in after the war, not necessarily the state he served with.

18. StLGS presents 18 STAND BY YOUR STATE If he lived in a northern state after the war, he did not receive a pension.

19. StLGS presents 19 STAND BY YOUR STATE Confederate soldiers did not receive federal pensions— their widows became eligible to receive one after the last Confederate soldier died in 1959.

20. StLGS presents 20 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Civil War Union soldiers were eligible to receive a postwar federal military pension if:

21. StLGS presents 21 STAND BY YOUR STATE 1. the unit in which they served had been sworn into federal service for the entire term of their service;

22. StLGS presents 22 STAND BY YOUR STATE 2. or if the unit in which they served was recognized by the War Department as having been at some point in the service of the United States.

23. StLGS presents 23 STAND BY YOUR STATE Many different types of Union militia units were formed in Missouri during the Civil War.

24. StLGS presents 24 STAND BY YOUR STATE 447 different military units!

25. StLGS presents 25 STAND BY YOUR STATE Home Guards Raised in June-December 1861. The men were to be armed by the federal government, and paid only if called to active duty.

26. StLGS presents 26 STAND BY YOUR STATE Home Guards Several thousand were called to three months active duty during Union General Nathaniel Lyon's advance on Springfield, Missouri in late summer 1861.

27. StLGS presents 27 STAND BY YOUR STATE Home Guards The Hawkins Taylor Commission ruled that 6 regiments, 22 battalions, and 49 independent companies of Home Guards were eligible for postwar federal pensions.

28. StLGS presents 28 STAND BY YOUR STATE Home Guards Home Guards were also authorized in 1886 by the Secretary of War to receive certificates of honorable discharge from military service from the War Department.

29. StLGS presents 29 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three month) Raised in St. Louis in May 1861. These men were to serve only in St. Louis County.

30. StLGS presents 30 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three month) This organization consisted initially of five regiments of infantry and one company of cavalry.

31. StLGS presents 31 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three month) Men who served in three-month U.S. Reserve Corps units were ruled eligible by the Assistant Secretary of War to receive federal military pensions and benefits as authorized by the pension act of June 1890.

32. StLGS presents 32 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three-year) Raised in August & September 1861 from members of the United States Reserve Corps (three-month).

33. StLGS presents 33 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three-year) These men were to serve without geographic restrictions, but many believed their service would be within Missouri's boundaries only.

34. StLGS presents 34 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three-year) This organization consisted of six regiments, four battalions, and two independent companies of infantry; one battalion of cavalry; and one regiment of artillery.

35. StLGS presents 35 STAND BY YOUR STATE United States Reserve Corps (three-year) Men who served in three-year U.S. Reserve Corps units were eligible to receive postwar federal military pensions and benefits.

36. StLGS presents 36 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (three month) Raised in April 1861. Consisted of five regiments of infantry, one battalion of light artillery, and one company of pioneers, all of which were mustered out July 1861.

37. StLGS presents 37 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (three month) Men who served in three-month Missouri militia units were eligible to receive postwar federal military pensions and benefits.

38. StLGS presents 38 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (six month) Raised in June-July 1861.

39. StLGS presents 39 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (six month) Men in these units were armed and paid by the state, and served when called to active duty by the governor.

40. StLGS presents 40 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (six month) At its height, the Missouri six-month militia consisted of approximately 6,000 men and officers total.

41. StLGS presents 41 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (six month) These units were disbanded on January 25, 1862, to make way for the Missouri State Militia that was then being organized.

42. StLGS presents 42 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (six month) Service in a six-month Missouri militia unit did not qualify a man to receive a postwar federal military pension or benefits.

43. StLGS presents 43 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia Raised in late summer and fall of 1862. All able-bodied Missouri men between the ages of 18-45 who were not already in a state or federal military organization were required to enroll..

44. StLGS presents 44 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia Men in EMM units were to be used to fight rebel guerrillas operating in the local area.

45. StLGS presents 45 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia The men supplied their own horses, guns, and ammunition, and were instructed during their first year of existence to "subsist on the disloyal population."

46. StLGS presents 46 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia They were later furnished surplus uniforms, and allowed to draw rations and forage when on duty.

47. StLGS presents 47 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia The men could be called out for up to 30 days active duty at a time.

48. StLGS presents 48 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia At its height in 1863, the EMM consisted of 89 regiments, 11 battalions, and 10 independent companies, which were all disbanded by March 12, 1865.

49. StLGS presents 49 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia Service in a unit of the EMM did not qualify a man to receive a postwar federal military pension and benefits.

50. StLGS presents 50 STAND BY YOUR STATE Enrolled Missouri Militia An exception: some EMM companies were sworn into federal service for 30 days during Price's raid in fall 1864.

51. StLGS presents 51 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) Raised in spring and summer of 1863 from men who had previously been members of units of the Enrolled Missouri Militia.

52. StLGS presents 52 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) Intended to serve as a smaller, more permanent version of the Enrolled Missouri Militia.

53. StLGS presents 53 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) These men were uniformed, and all the men in a unit were issued weapons of the same caliber.

54. StLGS presents 54 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) At its height, the PEMM consisted of 11 regiments (which generally served, however, in units called battalions that consisted of four companies each).

55. StLGS presents 55 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) The last remaining PEMM companies disbanded on March 12, 1865.

56. StLGS presents 56 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) Men who served in Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia units were not initially eligible to receive postwar federal military pensions and benefits.

57. StLGS presents 57 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia (PEMM) In February 1895, entitlement to a federal military pension and benefits was extended to any officer or enlisted man of the PEMM who’d served at least 90 days on active duty and been honorably discharged.

58. StLGS presents 58 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri State Militia (three-year) Raised in Missouri in December 1861- April 1862. Men who enlisted in these units were to serve within state boundaries.

59. StLGS presents 59 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri State Militia (three-year) The MSM consisted initially of: one regiment of infantry and one company of sappers and miners;

60. StLGS presents 60 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri State Militia (three-year) The MSM consisted initially of: two batteries of light artillery;

61. StLGS presents 61 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri State Militia (three-year) The MSM consisted initially of: and 14 regiments, three battalions, and one independent company of cavalry.

62. StLGS presents 62 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri State Militia (three-year) In February 1895, officers and men of the MSM were ruled eligible to receive federal military pensions under the pension act of June 1890 if:

63. StLGS presents 63 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri State Militia (three-year) they’d served ninety days or more and been honorably discharged from the MSM.

64. StLGS presents 64 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards Raised by company in late 1863 in counties affected by General Thomas Ewing's infamous General Order No. 11.

65. StLGS presents 65 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards General Order No. 11 forced residents to evacuate certain counties in western Missouri that had been host to prior activities of rebel guerrillas.

66. StLGS presents 66 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards Men who agreed to serve in these Citizen Guard companies were allowed to move back into their homes in the affected counties.

67. StLGS presents 67 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards These men were to be furnished pistols and rifled muskets, and were to be issued rations and be paid when on active duty.

68. StLGS presents 68 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards 20 companies of Citizen Guards were known to be formed in the affected counties.

69. StLGS presents 69 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards During Confederate General Sterling Price's invasion of Missouri in late 1864, 5,000 men who had previously been exempted from militia service were enrolled in five regiments and a number of independent companies of Citizen Guards.

70. StLGS presents 70 STAND BY YOUR STATE Citizen Guards Service in a unit of the Citizen Guards did not qualify a man to receive a postwar federal military pension and benefits.

71. StLGS presents 71 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia These units were formed in late summer and fall of 1864, but only in counties considered "disloyal."

72. StLGS presents 72 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia Such counties could form one or two such companies.

73. StLGS presents 73 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia These companies were to be armed and paid by the state, but clothed and provided subsistence by the federal government.

74. StLGS presents 74 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia 62 provisional companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia were formed in this way; all were mounted except for four companies that were used to protect vital bridges.

75. StLGS presents 75 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia These companies were all disbanded by the end of July 1865.

76. StLGS presents 76 STAND BY YOUR STATE Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia Service in Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri Militia did not make men eligible to receive postwar federal military pensions and benefits.

77. StLGS presents 77 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (1865) Organized in 1865 according to the provisions of the Missouri Militia Act of February 10, 1865.

78. StLGS presents 78 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (1865) By December 1865, 84 regiments and six battalions of Missouri militia had been raised according to the provisions of the Missouri Militia Act.

79. StLGS presents 79 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (1865) None of these units, however, were called into either state or federal service during the Civil War.

80. StLGS presents 80 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Militia (1865) Service in one of these units did not, therefore, entitle a man to receive a postwar federal military pension or benefits.

81. StLGS presents 81 STAND BY YOUR STATE NARA Compiled Military Service Records (CMSRs)

82. StLGS presents 82 STAND BY YOUR STATE

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88. StLGS presents 88 STAND BY YOUR STATE Search term : “home”

89. StLGS presents 89 STAND BY YOUR STATE Search term: “enrolled””

90. StLGS presents 90 STAND BY YOUR STATE Search term: “provisional”

91. StLGS presents 91 STAND BY YOUR STATE Search term: “reserve”

92. StLGS presents 92 STAND BY YOUR STATE Search term: “citizen”

93. StLGS presents 93 STAND BY YOUR STATE

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96. StLGS presents 96 STAND BY YOUR STATE

97. StLGS presents 97 STAND BY YOUR STATE St. Louis County Library Missouri Civil War Pensions Index Finding Aid

98. StLGS presents 98 STAND BY YOUR STATE

99. StLGS presents 99 STAND BY YOUR STATE

100. StLGS presents 100 STAND BY YOUR STATE

101. StLGS presents 101 STAND BY YOUR STATE Western Historical Manuscripts Collection St. Louis Columbia Rolla Kansas City

102. StLGS presents 102 STAND BY YOUR STATE

103. StLGS presents 103 STAND BY YOUR STATE

104. StLGS presents 104 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Union Militia Items Available Full-Text in Google Books

105. StLGS presents 105 STAND BY YOUR STATE

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107. StLGS presents 107 STAND BY YOUR STATE

108. StLGS presents 108 STAND BY YOUR STATE

109. StLGS presents 109 STAND BY YOUR STATE Missouri Digital Heritage Missouri Digital Heritage website includes Annual Report of the Missouri Adjutant General on Missouri State Militia for the years 1861, 1862, & 1863. http://www.sos.mo.gov/mdh/

110. StLGS presents 110 STAND BY YOUR STATE

111. StLGS presents 111 STAND BY YOUR STATE Books About Missouri Union Militia Units 2. Supplement to the Official Records of the Union & Confederate Armies, volume 36, serial no. 48, Part II- Record of Events- Missouri Troops (Union). Edited by Janet B. Hewitt. Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Co., 1996, pp.3-77.

112. StLGS presents 112 STAND BY YOUR STATE Using WorldCat.org to Find Books About Missouri Militia Units

113. StLGS presents 113 STAND BY YOUR STATE

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119. StLGS presents 119 STAND BY YOUR STATE Other Internet Sources of Information About Missouri Union Militia Units

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135. StLGS presents 135 STAND BY YOUR STATE I hope you’ve enjoyed this class, and that you’ve learned something about researching Missouri militia soldiers and militia units. tpearson@slpl.org