1. What is the Connection between Anaerobic Metabolism and Dental Plaque?
By,
Jill Johnston

2. Polysaccharides form sticky colonies
Dental Plaque
Bacteria
Polysaccharides form sticky colonies
Plaque formation
Anaerobic metabolism

3. CAUTION! High Sugar Diets Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches
Examples: Candy, Fruit, Cake, Soft Drinks, Ice Cream

4. How it works… Carbohydrates (Sugars and Starches)
Bacteria present in mouth utilize sugars ex: Sucrose
Acids (waste products) ex: Lactate & Pyruvate

5. Over time… Overtime acid destroys tooth enamel, even dentin
rapid bacterial growth in holes made
Causes
Tooth Decay and/or Gingivitis
long term
Plaque on tooth roots, under gum, can cause breakdown of bone and tooth support (Periodontal Disease)

6. Bacteria uses fructose to get energy
Lactic acid creates extra acidity to decrease the pH, which can dissolve the calcium phosphate in the tooth enamel leading to the start of a cavity.

7. Over-view of Article
Sugar, Saliva, and Bacteria lead to tooth decay over time.

8. Treatments Flossing Brushing No Tobacco use Good Diet Fluoride
Home tests
Yearly exams/cleanings (PIC.)
Holistic treatments

9. Dangers Gum Disease (Gingivitis) Tooth Decay
Severe Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)
seems to be associated with:
*Heart Disease
*Diabetes
* Dementia
*Heart attacks
*Premature birth
*Rheumatoid
Arthritis

10. References
Hua, X., Cook, G. S., Costerton, J. W., Bruce, G., Rose, T. M., Lamont, R. J. "Intergeneric Communication in Dental Plaque Biofilms." Journal of Bacteriology Volume 182. p Lam P, Lavik G, Jensen MM, Vossenberg J, Schmid M, Woebken D, Dimitri G, Amann R, Jetten MSM, Kuypers MMM: Revising the nitrogen cycle in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106(12): Lepp PW, Brinig MM, Ouverney CC, Palm K, Armitage GC, Relman DA: Methanogenic Archaea and human periodontal disease.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(16): Marsh, P.D. "Dental Plaque as a Microbial Biofilm." Caries Research Volume 38. p Marquis, M. E., "Oxygen metabolism, oxidative stress and acid-base physiology of dental plaque biofilms." Journal of Industrial Microbiology. Volume 15. p Mohan SB, Cole JA: The Dissimilatory Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia by Anaerobic Bacteria. In The Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle. 1st edition. Edited by Bothe H, Ferguson SJ, Newton WE. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007.