1. CONDOMS A series of presentations developed by TGPSH/GTZ and PSI-TANZANIA

2. The History of the Condom A presentation developed by TGPSH/GTZ and PSI-TANZANIA

3. What is a Condom? A Condom Is a sheath made of latex, plastic or animal tissue It is used during sexual intercourse and catches semen when a man ejaculates It is used a contraceptive and to prevent transmission of infections, including HIV/AIDS It prevents exposure of the penis to vaginal secretions and tissues and exposure of the vagina to penile secretions

4. The Condom History Condoms can be traced back several thousands years … The earliest evidence goes back to the Egyptians!! Around 1000 BC they used a linen sheath for protection against Sexually Transmitted diseases! 100-200 AD, scenes from cave paintings at combarelles in France show that condoms were being used.

5. What were condoms made of?  These penile sheaths were made out of unusual materials:  Oil silk  Paper  Fish bladders  tortoise shells

6. Condoms Evolution z Condoms were once tied on ribbon.

7. Condoms were used for STI- prevention! The 1500’s: The syphilis epidemic spread across Europe… The Italian Gabrielle Fallopius claimed to have invented the condom to protect men against disease. He conducted trials amongst 1,100 men using the condom - none became infected with syphilis!

8. Condom Evolution Later in 1500s… Only later the usefulness of condom for prevention of pregnancy was recognized: Condoms were improved:  The linen cloth sheaths were soaked in chemicals and allowed to dry prior to use:  These were the first spermicidal condoms.

9. Condoms evolution 1700’s:  The first published use of the world ‘condum’ was in a poem. It has been suggested that condom was a doctor in time of King Charles II. It is believed that he invented the device to help the king to prevent the birth of more illegitimate children. Even Casanova was said to have used the condom for birth control as well as to prevent infection.

10. Improved Condoms 1800’s:  Condom manufacturing was revolutionized by discovery of rubber vulcanization (= the method of treating crude rubber with sulphur and intense heat to make it a strong elastic material.)  This meant it was possible to mass produce rubber goods including condoms quickly and cheaply.  As a result condom use increased...

11. Rubber condom

12. More improvements… 1900’s Until early 1900’s, Most condoms were manufactured by hand - dipping from rubber cement. The quality was doubtful. In 1919, Fredrick Killian initiated hand-dipping from natural rubber latex. The latex condoms had the advantage of ageing less quickly and being thinner and odorless.

13. What a transformation?? The technology used to produce condoms has not changed significantly over the last 10 years. However, the quality of the product has been considerably improved by better process control and production standards!

14. Condoms Ready for use

15. Recent History  By the mid-1930’s, the fifteen largest markers in the U.S were producing 1.5 million condoms a day.  1950’s: Quality assurance, Electronic testing of Condoms started.  In 1957, the very first lubricated condom was launched in the U.K.

16. Latest developments…  1974 spermicides were introduced in Condoms  1994 saw the introduction of polyurethane male condoms in the market.

17. History of Condoms in Tanzania  After the second World War, veterans brought the first condoms into the Country  In Early 1970’s condoms were introduced for family planning by UMATI.  The 1980’s saw the increase in the number of use, following the epidemic of HIV/AIDS.

18. Condoms available in Tanzania  Male condoms available in Tanzania are made from Latex.  Female condoms available (small amount) made from polyurethane(plastic material).

19. Condom distribution in Tanzania In 2003, a total of 48.5 m. pieces of condoms were distributed by commercial, public and social marketing networks in Tanzania.

20. Thank you for your attention I hope you enjoyed this presentation