1. For the Mine Warfare Association Mr. Brian Almquist Ocean Engineering & Marine Systems (ONR 321OE) Voice: (703) 696-3351 Fax: (703) 696-2710 almquib@onr.navy.mil

2. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Enabling Capability Priority 1 Organic MCM  Wide area surveillance to enable maneuver  Clandestine reconnaissance to prepare the battlespace  Rapid overt VSW / SZ / BZ / CLZ / BEZ mine and obstacle reconnaissance  Data Fusion to accelerate the amphibious planning process  Timely MCM Common Tactical Picture to enable maneuver  Standoff precision neutralization of individual mines in VSW  Autonomous, high speed compact influence sweep Sub-capabilities:  Lane marking and precision navigation from VSW to BEZ  Standoff breaching of obstacles and mines in the SZ / BZ / CLZ / BEZ  Rapid Follow-on Clearance Requires knowledge of the battlespace

3. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt PDM-1’s Red Beach 3/19/01 Airborne Remote Optical Spotlighting System (AROSS) Bathymetric Data 3/26/01 Depth in feet (MLLW) Red Beach 26 Mar 01 2209Z AROSS Bathymetry: White Beach 3/19/01

4. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Weapon System Program Elements DEPLOY (Organic Supportability) EMPLOY (Stand-off, In-stride) HIT (Targeting, Guidance, & Control) KILL (Warheads) Mainstream Assault Breaching MCM Assault Breaching Becomes Part of Air and Surface Strike Mission Areas Major System Attribute: Utilize Existing or Planned Fleet Systems for Deployment and Employment; Organic Compatibility (Std Containers e.g., JSSAM, JSOW, JDAM) Program Focus: Warhead Effectiveness and Dispense Mechanisms

5. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt CMCO Future Systems LMHydra-7Reactive DartsBZ / SZ Mines BoeingMODSChemical DartsBZ / SZ Mines Continuous Rod WarheadBZ Obstacles SAICNaval GunChemical DartsBZ / SZ Mines Continuous Rod WarheadBZ Obstacles LMHydra-7Reactive DartsBZ / SZ Mines BoeingMODSChemical DartsBZ / SZ Mines Continuous Rod WarheadBZ Obstacles SAICNaval GunChemical DartsBZ / SZ Mines Continuous Rod WarheadBZ Obstacles Note: No viable proposals for SZ obstacles received Unitary / Blast Warheads

6. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Concept: –Employ Tactical Munitions Dispenser (TMD) –Deliver about 4630 reactive high velocity darts (~25’ diameter kill) Lockheed Martin / NAVSEA Indian Head Team: SZ & BZ Mine Clearance System –Lockheed Martin Advanced Projects: System Integration / GNC, Warhead & Dispense Design –NAVSEA Indian Head: Warhead & Dispense Design & Testing, WESERB –GSI: Dart Design –CSS: System Engineering –NAVAIR China Lake: Aircraft Integration, Dispenser Sled Test MINE CLEARANCE Hydra-7 Mine Clearing System Missiles and Fire Control Advanced Projects

7. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Hydra-7 Dart Reactive Material Dart Fill (Hydra-7) Similar Technology as Used in RAMICs Feasibility as BZ Mine Countermeasure Demonstrated in FY00 Versus Plastic and Steel Cased Surrogates. Defeat Mechanism is Combination of Kinetic and Thermal Energy -Dart Impact Rubbilizes Mine’s HE Fill -High Temperature Dart Fill Causes Spontaneous Reaction with Mine Fill (Burning). Goal is to defeat surface / buried mines and mines in the water

8. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Mine / Obstacle Defeat System Concept: JDAM Tail Kit to Deliver New Warheads Aerodynamic Form of BLU-109 Chemical Penetrators (Mines; 20 Meter Kill Diameter) Continuous Rod Warhead (BZ Obstacles; 26 Meters) Boeing Team: Mine / Obstacle Defeat System (MODS) Boeing Phantom Works; Air Vehicle / Guidance NSWC-IHD; Two Warheads (Chemical Penetrators & CRW) Talley Defense Systems; Dispense Systems MODS Concept of Operations

9. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Mine / Obstacle Defeat System 2 CRW 6,320 Venom Penetrators Penetrator Dispense SystemCRW Dispense System JDAM Tail Kit Propellant

10. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Stand-off Delivery of Mine and Obstacle Clearing Payloads from 5” and 155mm Naval Guns SAIC Team: Concept: Best Buy Projectile to Deliver Two New Warheads Chemical Penetrators (Mines; 6.5 Meter Kill Diameter) Continuous Rod Warhead (Obstacles; 10 Meter Kill Diameter) SAIC; Systems Integration, Delivery Vehicle NSWC IHD; Chemical Darts, CRW CAES; Hardware and Integration for Delivery Vehicle ABL; Rocket Motors NAVSYS; Guidance and Control GSI; Reactive Darts

11. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt “Best Buy” Projectile Best Buy projectile represents maturing technology Developing two new warheads Best Buy projectile represents maturing technology Developing two new warheads

12. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Venom Dart Chemical Dart Fill (Venom) -Proven Technology, Originated in the 1970s -U.S. Army Demonstrated Use of Chemicals to Initiate (AP) Mines -NSWC / IHDIV has Demonstrated DETA can be used to Destroy Mines -DETA has been Proven Effective Against TNT and Comp B Based Explosives -Dart Rubbilizes Mine’s HE Fill and Deposits the Chemical which Reacts with the Rubbilized HE (Burning) 5.83 ” 1.0” 0.4375 ” 0.2188”

13. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Continuous Rod Warhead Lethality Offers considerable increase in effectiveness on land over unitary / blast warheads. Provides larger kill radius than unitary / blast warhead. Rods propelled parallel to ground. Scalable to various weapon sizes.

14. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Beach Zone Tests Mk 84 Test, Summer 99Mk 83 Test, Spring 01Mk 83 Land Test Smaller Lethal Radius (not as effective as CRW) More assets required Risk mitigation Smaller Lethal Radius (not as effective as CRW) More assets required Risk mitigation

15. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Unitary / Blast Warheads Bombs must be guided, otherwise not effective (e.g. JDAM) Mine / Obstacle Clearance -Low effectiveness against mines on the beach (Air Force) -Good evidence for effectiveness against obstacles in SZ (6.2 Program) -Special purpose warheads such as CRW offer advantages to blast warhead for obstacles on land (Lethal Radius) -Cratering can be avoided -Sequential (sweeping) detonation may be effective Channeling -Technically feasible depending on beach / sea-bed composition and gradient -Needs precision timed fuzing for simultaneous detonation -Needs large bomb, high bubble energy explosive in water -100 lbs of explosive per linear foot of 50 yard wide channel -Estimates suggest channeling requires twice the ordnance

16. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt AT mines (A, B, F, G, H) AL Mine, (E, L) 4 strand fence AP mines (K) Tanglefoot Hedgehog 1.25-m members Type 2 AL Mines (J, M) Triple Strand Concertina Wire w/AP mines Sea Urchins Water Depth (m) Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal Variations (+3-4 ft about mean tide) 174.21 m 5m 10m 40 m 10m 30m 15m 0.60.91.11.3 2.0 40 m 10m 0.3 10m 3.02.8 15m MCIA High Threat Laydown Beach Gradient of 1:99 Worst case scenario Desert Storm threat was less severe Worst case scenario Desert Storm threat was less severe

17. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Weapons Required per Lane -Obstacles17 -Mines25 Aircraft Sorties per Lane -F/A -18C/D11 -F/A -18E/F11 -JSF21 -B1 2 -B2 / B522/3 Weapon Lift per Lane -Weight<100,000 lbs -Volume< 2,000 cu. ft. Hydra-7 Estimates are Similar Worst case MCIA threat laydown Less severe threat requires significantly less assets Hydra-7 Estimates are Similar Worst case MCIA threat laydown Less severe threat requires significantly less assets MODS Lift Estimates / High MCIA Threat

18. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt Standoff Delivery of Mine and Obstacle Clearing Payloads From 5” and 155mm Naval Guns DD21 Class CG 47 Class 133 CMCO 750 CMCO DDG81 Class ERGM Allocation NSFS Rounds Required to Clear a Single Lane* * Assumes 3M CEP; CSS Projections, Revision 3 Worst case MCIA threat laydown Less severe threat requires significantly less assets Worst case MCIA threat laydown Less severe threat requires significantly less assets 115 CMCO

19. MINWARA_Almquist.ppt CMCO Future Systems Summary System Platforms -2 A/C Systems: -1 Naval Gun System: Warhead Effectiveness -Buried & Proud Mines -Energetic Fills Cause Burning of Mine’s Explosive Fill -Dispensing -Beach Obstacles (larger lethal radius) -Dispensing Unitary / Blast Warheads -Field Tests and Demonstrations -SZ / BZ Obstacles -Fuze Considerations -Risk Mitigation Dart Lethality CRW Lethality