1. The Legacy of World War I World War I (1914-1918)
Chapter 24, Section 4

3. Essential Questions:
How can we achieve world peace and make sure World War III never happens?
Should punishments be, “an eye for an eye?” Or does that leave everyone blind?

4. League of Nations International Organization Created by Woodrow Wilson
All Countries Were Suppose to Join
Organization to Settle Conflicts Through Negotiation
Geneva, Switzerland

8. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
“If we guarantee any country… its independence… we must [keep] at any cost… our word… I wish [the American People] carefully to consider… whether they are willing to have the youth of America ordered to war by other nations.”
- Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech to the Senate, February 28th, 1919

9. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
Did NOT Want the U.S. to Join the League of Nations!
Feared the United States Would be Joining an Alliance
Feared the League of Nations Would Order U.S. Troops All Over the World

11. 14 Points Speech
Woodrow Wilson’s Famous Speech to Congress at the End of WWI
Outlined 14 Ideas to Prevent World Wars:
Smaller Military Forces
End to Secret Treaties
Freedom of the Seas
Free Trade
Changes in National Boundaries
14th Point = League of Nations

12. 14th Point = League of Nations
Wilson’s Most Important Point!
International Organization Created to Settle Disputes Peacefully!
All Countries Were Suppose to Join
Would be in Geneva, Switzerland

14. Hayes & D’Ascoli… Summer Vacation with Family in the Car Role Play

15. When Trip Begins!

16. Midway Through the 2nd Hour!

17. Versailles Palace, France

22. “Peace Without Victory”
Woodrow Wilson Was Considered the Hero of WWI
At the Peace Talks, Woodrow Wilson Wanted, “Peace Without Victory”
Woodrow Wilson Did NOT Want Countries to Seek Revenge

23. Allies Hated Wilson’s Plan
Britain, France, & Italy HATED Wilson’s “Peace Without Victory” Plan
Britain, France, & Italy Wanted to Punish Germany Heavily for Its’ Part in WWI

24. The Treaty of Versailles
The Peace Treaty PUNISHED Germany Heavily:
Germany Had to Accept Full Blame for the War!
Germany Was Stripped of Their Colonies
Germany Was Not Allowed Armed Forces (Army)
Germany Had to Pay $33 Billion in War Reparations!

25. Germany Lost Land!

26. Versailles Treaty Continued…
Versailles Treaty Divided Up Austria-Hungary Empire Into 2 Countries (Austria & Hungary)
Yugoslavia & Czechoslovakia Became New Countries
Poland Became a New Country

27. 1914 Europe

29. Present Day Europe

31. League of Nations
The League of Nations Was Included in the Versailles Treaty!
Wilson Believed League of Nations Would Prevent Future Wars!
U.S. Congress Has to Approve All Treaties!
Henry Cabot Lodge & the Republicans in Congress Did NOT Want the U.S. to Join the League of Nations!

32. Republicans Stall!
Republicans Did NOT Want the U.S. to Join the League of Nations!
Feared the United States Would be Joining an Alliance
Wanted to Make Woodrow Wilson Look Bad!

34. Wilson Tries to Rally Support!
Woodrow Wilson Went on a Cross Country Railroad Tour!
Wanted Americans to Call Their Congressman to Support Joining the League of Nations
½ Way Through the Trip, Wilson Had a Stroke!

36. Wilson’s Speech to Join the League of Nations
In the covenant (agreement) of the League of Nations, the moral forces of the world are mobilized… They consent… to submit every matter of difference between them to the judgment of mankind, and just so certainly as they do that, war will be pushed out of the foreground of terror in which it has kept the world.
- Woodrow Wilson, Pueblo, Colorado, 9/25/1919

39. Overall Results of the Treaty of Versailles
U.S. Did NOT Join the League of Nations!
EMBARRASSING!
Treaty of Versailles Did NOT “Make the World Safe for Democracy”
Treaty of Versailles Caused WWII

41. The Red Scare ( )
Fear of Communism Spreading in the United States
U.S. Had a lot of Strikes at the End of WWI
Americans Feared a Communist Revolution (Bolsheviks of 1917)
Red Represents Communism!

42. Fear of Communism Spread
Public Fear Was High When Mail Bombs Were Sent to Public Officials in 1919
Americans Blamed Immigrant Anarchists
Anarchy – Radicals Who Don’t Believe in Any Form of Government

45. Palmer Raids
Attorney General Palmer Ordered Federal Agents to Arrest Suspected Anarchist/Communists
6,000 Americans Were Arrested Without Search Warrants or Evidence!
What’s Wrong With This?

48. Palmer Raids?
Was the U.S. Government Justified in Enforcing the Palmer Raids? Explain!

49. Fear of Immigrants
The Red Scare Was Also a Fear of “Red” Immigrants Coming to the U.S.
Americans Feared Communists & Anarchists Were Coming into Country
Would Ruin Democracy!
U.S. Started to Limit Immigration!

51. Sacco & Vanzetti Famous Trial During the Red Scare
Sacco & Vanzetti Were Italian Born Anarchists
They Were Arrested & Convicted for Killing a Cop in a Bank Robbery
Chances Are They Were Innocent!
Given the Death Penalty!

55. Racial Tensions Increase
Great Migration Brought 500,000 African Americans to Northern Cities
Whites & African Americans Competed for Jobs & Housing
Riots Broke Out

56. 2nd Class Citizens?
African Americans Had Fought in WWI to “Make the World Safe For Democracy”
Thought They Would Get Equality When They Returned Home
Race Riots Across the Country in 1919
Swimming in Ocean Story - Chicago/Lake Michigan

57. “Return to Normalcy” By 1920 Americans Were Fed Up With: Labor Strikes
Race Riots
Red Scare
League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
Warren G. Harding Promised, “Return to Normalcy”
Republican – Won the 1920 Election

58. Wilson’s 14 Points Point #1 Attempted to Solve Which Cause of WWI?
Point #’s 2, 3, & 5 Attempted to Solve Which Cause of WWI?
Wilson’s 14th Point Attempted to Create What?

59. Hayes & D’Ascoli… Read League of Nations Primary Source DBQ!

60. Debate! Was President Woodrow Wilson a “Realist” or an “Idealist?”
Think about his 14 Points, League of Nations, as well as “Peace Without Victory”

61. Essential Questions:
How can we achieve world peace and make sure World War III never happens?
Should punishments be, “an eye for an eye?” Or does that leave everyone blind?