1. The Civil War
Texas History
Chapter 15

2. Issues Divide the Country
The new Republican Party was supported in the North and opposed slavery

3. South Disagrees
Southerners believed a victory for the Republican Party would mean the end of slavery and the Southern way of life

4. South Disagrees
The South believed in state’s rights, or that the federal government should have limited power over states.

5. South Disagrees
If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union
Secede: to withdraw

6. South Disagrees
Southern Democrats: political party supported slavery and against high tariffs, a homestead act and internal improvements.

7. Secession
Members of the 1861 Montgomery Convention in Alabama formed the Confederate States of America and drew up a constitution.

8. Secession
The Confederate Constitution gave more power to the states and legalized slavery.

9. Secession
Texas Secession Convention met in Austin in January 1861 and adopted decree called the Ordinance of Secession. Ordinance means local law.

10. Secession
The decree ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy.

11. Unionists
Some Texans who supported the United States joined the Union army.
Unionists: people who supported the Union in the Civil War

12. Vigilantes
Vigilantes were citizens who act as an unauthorized police for an area. Vigilantes in Gainesville, TX hung 40 suspected Unionists.

13. New Presidents
Abraham Lincoln was elected the President of the United States in 1860
Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the Confederacy

14. United States of America
President Lincoln believed in the sovereignty, or supreme power, of the United States of America.

15. United States of America
Lincoln believed that the Union would be perpetual, or continuing forever, and no problems between the states were insurmountable, or impossible to overcome.

16. War Begins
April 12, 1861: Union troops refused to evacuate Fort Sumter in South Carolina
Confederates opened fire, beginning the Civil War

17. Civil War Commanders
Ulysses S. Grant was commander of the Union forces
Robert E. Lee was commander of the Confederate forces

18. Texans Go To War
Conscription: the forced enrollment of people into military service
More than 60,000 Texans joined the Confederacy

19. Fighting for Galveston
Vital to Confederate chain of supplies
Union navy blockaded ports
Blockade: to isolate a particular enemy by using troops or ships to prevent the passage of supplies or people.

20. Battle of Sabine Pass
Union troops attempted to capture Houston and Galveston.
Preventive strike: action taken to prevent a possible future attack

21. Battle of Sabine Pass
Important victory for the Confederacy; prevented Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas

22. Terry’s Texas Rangers
Officially known as the 8th Texas Calvary Regiment
Fought in more battles than any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War

23. Hood’s Texas Brigade
Fought in many of the great battles of the Civil War; called some of the finest soldiers by General Robert E. Lee.

24. Albert Sidney Johnston
Commander of the Army of the Republic of Texas. He was the second-highest ranking general in the Confederate army.

25. Colonel Santos Benavides
He was the highest ranking Mexican-American officer to fight for the Confederacy.

26. Milton Holland
African American who won the Medal of Honor fighting for the Union.

27. Shortages Homespun: clothing made of coarse fabric
Substitutes for coffee and tea

28. Shortages Lack of medicines, paper, salt, flour
Quinine: important drug used to fight malaria

29. Civil War Ends
April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate armies to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia

30. Civil War Ends
Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, was the last battle of the Civil War.
Texans learned from Union prisoners that Lee had surrendered a month earlier

31. Union is Preserved
The North’s victory meant the Union of the United States had been preserved.
Slavery ended
More than 600,000 soldiers died

32. Lincoln Assassination
John Wilkes Booth shot and killed President Lincoln just five days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox.

33. Good Luck on Your Test!!