1. Civil War Battles

2. President of the United States of America
Abraham Lincoln
President of the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Republican candidate for President in 1860; from Illinois; became a national figure following a race for the Senate from Illinois in 1854; Was committed to preserving the Union; claimed that he did not want to abolish slavery where it already existed but did not want it to spread to the newly acquired territories
JEFFERSON DAVIS: served in the U.S. Army during the Mexican War and in the U.S. Senate; named president of the Confederacy in February 1861 by representatives from the seceded states at a convention in Montgomery, Alabama; would be the only president of the Confederate States of America;
Abraham Lincoln
President of the United States during the Civil War
Against Slavery but was willing to keep it to preserve the “Union.”
Used the army to arrest many pro-secession politicians in Maryland so he could save Washington D.C. as the U.S. capital.
President Lincoln’s 4 brother-in-laws were Confederates.
He was the 1st president to wear a beard.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederacy during the Civil War
The first Capital of the confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama.
When Virginia seceded the Capital of the Confederacy was Richmond, Virginia

3. General of the Confederacy
General of the Union
Ulysses S. Grant
General of the Confederacy
Robert E. Lee
ULYSSES S. GRANT: named commander of the Union Army following the failed leadership of McClellan, Burnside and Hooker; had gained fame leading Union troops in the west; was considered a brilliant general because he was willing to pursue and fight Lee where the generals had failed to do so
ROBERT E. LEE: military leader from Virginia; resigned from the United States Army and joined the Confederacy out of loyalty to his home state which had seceded from the Union; opposed slavery and secession; became commanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia
Robert E. Lee
In 1862 Lee took over the Confederate army.
Born in Virginia
Fought for the U.S. in the Mexican American War.
Lee privately ridiculed the Confederacy in letters in early 1861, denouncing secession as "revolution" and a betrayal of the efforts of the Founding Fathers.
Resigned from U.S. army to join the Confederacy because Virginia seceded

4. First Shots: Ft. Sumter
On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate, troops fired the first shots on Yankee, or Union, troops stationed at Fort Sumter, South Carolina
The Civil War had begun!
Over the next four years, 600,000 Americans would die

5. Commander in Chief of the Texas military forces
Government in Texas
Governor: Edward Clark (ad-interim after Houston was removed)
First elected governor: Francis Lubbock ( )
: Pendleton Murrah
John Reagan: Texas democratic party leader
What was the governor’s main job?
Commander in Chief of the Texas military forces

6. Texas Soldiers 60,000-70,000 soldiers fought Volunteer Units
Hood’s Texas Brigade—John Bell Hood
Terry’s Texas Rangers—Benjamin Terry
Ross’ Brigade—Lawrence “Sul” Ross
HOOD’S TEXAS BRIGADE
Led by John Bell Hood
Fought in many battles in Virginia
Robert E. Lee called Hood’s men his “finest soldiers”
Created on October 22, 1861 and was a major part of the Army of Northern Virginia
Of the 5,353 men who enlisted in these regiments, only 617 survived to the surrender
TERRY’S TEXAS RANGERS
Organized in Houston on September 9, 1861 with just over 1,000 men, most enlisting for the “duration of the war” and left Texas for Kentucky and Tennessee
Fought in more battles than any other cavalry regiment
Officially known as the 8th Texas Cavalry Regiment
LAWRENCE SULLIVAN ROSS
Led Ross’s Brigade that fought in Georgia, Mississippi (including Vicksburg), and Tennessee

7. Nearly 70,000 men from Texas fought for the Confederacy.
The most famous group was the Texas Brigade led by John Bell Hood which fought in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee.
“Texan’s always move them!!!”
-Robert E. Lee
At the battle of the Wilderness
in 1864
Texans in the War
John Bell Hood
John Rip Ford photo courtacy of Texas Beyond History, Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin

8. President of the Confederacy
Texas Soldiers
Many Texans volunteered to fight, but the Confederacy needed more men
If we want to win this war, we need more men to fight! It’s time to start a draft
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederacy

9. Texas Soldiers
Draft: the enlisting of persons for required service in the armed forces
Men were forced to fight—but some were allowed to stay at home
I don’t have to fight because I own slaves
I don’t want to fight!
Slave owner with more than 20 slaves
Angry Texan

10. Many Texans fought in the Civil War but not many battles were fought in Texas

11. The Anaconda Plan: The Union’s plan for winning the war
Blockade Southern Ports: cut off trade of cotton and delivery of supplies
Control the Mississippi River: this would cut the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana would be cut off from everyone)
Capture the capital of Richmond, VA: and force the government to surrender
Squeeze and trap the Confederate army from the West and the North (see map)

12. Anaconda Plan to take over Confederacy

13. Battle of Galveston Galveston=important port
Oct Union soldiers took over Galveston after Lincoln ordered blockade
Jan Confederates recapture Galveston
Confederate Gen. John B. Magruder commanded forces that attacked & were victorious
Thomas Green = military leader who assisted
Confederate victory
Significance: Texas remained in control of Galveston for the rest of the war

14. Emancipation Proclamation
Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
This document freed the slaves
in the Confederacy

15. SABINE PASS, TX Sept. 8, 1863
Union forces attacked Fort Griffin which was defended by a Confederate unit called the Davis Guards
Union attempted to move troops through the pass—these troops would then cut off Texas’ railroad connection to Louisiana
Confederate victory helped restore southern confidence
Significance: Union did not cut off Texas’ railroad connection to Louisiana
EXPLAIN THE EVENTS SURROUNDING THE BATTLE OF SABINE PASS USING PG IN THE TEXAS HISTORY TEXTBOOK.
Union wanted to regain control of Galveston after losing it in January 1863
Planned to invade Texas through Sabine Pass, march overland to Houston and then capture Galveston
Confederate forces at Sabine Pass were led by Lieutenant Richard Dowling
Fort Griffin was surrounded by trenches and earthen mounds and had 6 cannons/Davis Guards were able to fire fast and accurately
Union General William Franklin planned to use gunboats to destroy the Fort Griffin cannons but was unable to because Davis Guards crippled the two gunboats and forced the other Union ships to turn back

16. Battle of Brownsville November 2-6, 1863
Cotton transported to Mexico through Brownsville
Union soldiers occupied this town and enforced a blockade
Significance: the South could not ship cotton  lose money

17. Richmond, VA vs. Washington D.C.
In 1864, Union’s Grant and Confederate’s Lee fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles between these two capital cities
After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant captured and burned Confederate capital of Richmond, VA (March, 1865)
The Rebels had little chance of winning:
They were running out of food, weapons, ammunition, and medicine for the wounded

18. Appomattox Courthouse: END!
After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his soldiers fled to the mountains
On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant

19. Lincoln Assassinated
During the war there were many attempts on his life
On April 15th, 1865*, while he was at a play, John Wilkes Booth was finally successful

20. Palmito Ranch May 12, 1865—last battle of the civil war
Palmito Ranch located along Rio Grande
Confederate victory but…Confederacy had already surrendered to the Union!
Confederate General E. Kirby Smith urged soldiers in Texas to continue fighting even after learning of Lee’s surrender
Confederate forces led by Col. John S. Ford clashed with Union troops when they moved inland to occupy Brownsville
Confederate force defeated the Union force but later the two sides arranged a truce